convex-queries

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Original

English
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Translation

Chinese

Convex Queries

Convex 查询

Query Pattern with Index

带索引的查询模式

typescript
export const listUserTasks = query({
  args: { userId: v.id("users") },
  returns: v.array(v.object({
    _id: v.id("tasks"),
    _creationTime: v.number(),
    title: v.string(),
    completed: v.boolean(),
  })),
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
    return await ctx.db
      .query("tasks")
      .withIndex("by_user", (q) => q.eq("userId", args.userId))
      .order("desc")
      .collect();
  },
});
typescript
export const listUserTasks = query({
  args: { userId: v.id("users") },
  returns: v.array(v.object({
    _id: v.id("tasks"),
    _creationTime: v.number(),
    title: v.string(),
    completed: v.boolean(),
  })),
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
    return await ctx.db
      .query("tasks")
      .withIndex("by_user", (q) => q.eq("userId", args.userId))
      .order("desc")
      .collect();
  },
});

Avoid
.filter()
on Database Queries

避免在数据库查询中使用
.filter()

Use
.withIndex()
instead -
.filter()
has same performance as filtering in code:
typescript
// Bad - using .filter()
const tomsMessages = await ctx.db
  .query("messages")
  .filter((q) => q.eq(q.field("author"), "Tom"))
  .collect();

// Good - use an index
const tomsMessages = await ctx.db
  .query("messages")
  .withIndex("by_author", (q) => q.eq("author", "Tom"))
  .collect();

// Good - filter in code (if index not needed)
const allMessages = await ctx.db.query("messages").collect();
const tomsMessages = allMessages.filter((m) => m.author === "Tom");
Finding
.filter()
usage:
Search with regex
\.filter\(\(?q
Exception: Paginated queries benefit from
.filter()
.
请改用
.withIndex()
——
.filter()
的性能与在代码中过滤完全相同:
typescript
// Bad - using .filter()
const tomsMessages = await ctx.db
  .query("messages")
  .filter((q) => q.eq(q.field("author"), "Tom"))
  .collect();

// Good - use an index
const tomsMessages = await ctx.db
  .query("messages")
  .withIndex("by_author", (q) => q.eq("author", "Tom"))
  .collect();

// Good - filter in code (if index not needed)
const allMessages = await ctx.db.query("messages").collect();
const tomsMessages = allMessages.filter((m) => m.author === "Tom");
查找
.filter()
的使用场景:
使用正则表达式
\.filter\(\(?q
进行搜索
例外情况: 分页查询可以从
.filter()
中获益。

Only Use
.collect()
with Small Result Sets

仅在小结果集场景下使用
.collect()

For 1000+ documents, use indexes, pagination, or limits:
typescript
// Bad - potentially unbounded
const allMovies = await ctx.db.query("movies").collect();

// Good - use .take() with "99+" display
const movies = await ctx.db
  .query("movies")
  .withIndex("by_user", (q) => q.eq("userId", userId))
  .take(100);
const count = movies.length === 100 ? "99+" : movies.length.toString();

// Good - paginated
const movies = await ctx.db
  .query("movies")
  .withIndex("by_user", (q) => q.eq("userId", userId))
  .order("desc")
  .paginate(paginationOptions);
当处理1000条以上文档时,请使用索引、分页或限制数量:
typescript
// Bad - potentially unbounded
const allMovies = await ctx.db.query("movies").collect();

// Good - use .take() with "99+" display
const movies = await ctx.db
  .query("movies")
  .withIndex("by_user", (q) => q.eq("userId", userId))
  .take(100);
const count = movies.length === 100 ? "99+" : movies.length.toString();

// Good - paginated
const movies = await ctx.db
  .query("movies")
  .withIndex("by_user", (q) => q.eq("userId", userId))
  .order("desc")
  .paginate(paginationOptions);

Index Configuration

索引配置

typescript
// convex/schema.ts
export default defineSchema({
  messages: defineTable({
    channelId: v.id("channels"),
    authorId: v.id("users"),
    content: v.string(),
    sentAt: v.number(),
  })
    .index("by_channel", ["channelId"])
    .index("by_channel_and_author", ["channelId", "authorId"])
    .index("by_channel_and_time", ["channelId", "sentAt"]),
});
typescript
// convex/schema.ts
export default defineSchema({
  messages: defineTable({
    channelId: v.id("channels"),
    authorId: v.id("users"),
    content: v.string(),
    sentAt: v.number(),
  })
    .index("by_channel", ["channelId"])
    .index("by_channel_and_author", ["channelId", "authorId"])
    .index("by_channel_and_time", ["channelId", "sentAt"]),
});

Check for Redundant Indexes

检查冗余索引

by_foo
and
by_foo_and_bar
are usually redundant - keep only
by_foo_and_bar
:
typescript
// Bad - redundant
.index("by_team", ["team"])
.index("by_team_and_user", ["team", "user"])

// Good - single combined index works for both
const allTeamMembers = await ctx.db
  .query("teamMembers")
  .withIndex("by_team_and_user", (q) => q.eq("team", teamId))  // Omit user
  .collect();

const specificMember = await ctx.db
  .query("teamMembers")
  .withIndex("by_team_and_user", (q) => q.eq("team", teamId).eq("user", userId))
  .unique();
Exception:
by_foo
is really
foo
+
_creationTime
. Keep separate if you need that sort order.
by_foo
by_foo_and_bar
通常是冗余的——只需保留
by_foo_and_bar
即可:
typescript
// Bad - redundant
.index("by_team", ["team"])
.index("by_team_and_user", ["team", "user"])

// Good - single combined index works for both
const allTeamMembers = await ctx.db
  .query("teamMembers")
  .withIndex("by_team_and_user", (q) => q.eq("team", teamId))  // Omit user
  .collect();

const specificMember = await ctx.db
  .query("teamMembers")
  .withIndex("by_team_and_user", (q) => q.eq("team", teamId).eq("user", userId))
  .unique();
例外情况: 如果
by_foo
实际是
foo
+
_creationTime
的组合,且你需要该排序方式,则保留独立索引。

Don't Use
Date.now()
in Queries

不要在查询中使用
Date.now()

Queries don't re-run when
Date.now()
changes:
typescript
// Bad - stale results, cache thrashing
const posts = await ctx.db
  .query("posts")
  .withIndex("by_released_at", (q) => q.lte("releasedAt", Date.now()))
  .take(100);

// Good - boolean field updated by scheduled function
const posts = await ctx.db
  .query("posts")
  .withIndex("by_is_released", (q) => q.eq("isReleased", true))
  .take(100);
Date.now()
的值变化时,查询不会重新执行:
typescript
// Bad - stale results, cache thrashing
const posts = await ctx.db
  .query("posts")
  .withIndex("by_released_at", (q) => q.lte("releasedAt", Date.now()))
  .take(100);

// Good - boolean field updated by scheduled function
const posts = await ctx.db
  .query("posts")
  .withIndex("by_is_released", (q) => q.eq("isReleased", true))
  .take(100);

Write Conflict Avoidance (OCC)

写入冲突避免(乐观并发控制OCC)

Make mutations idempotent:
typescript
// Good - idempotent, early return if already done
export const completeTask = mutation({
  args: { taskId: v.id("tasks") },
  returns: v.null(),
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
    const task = await ctx.db.get("tasks", args.taskId);
    if (!task || task.status === "completed") return null;  // Idempotent
    await ctx.db.patch("tasks", args.taskId, { status: "completed" });
    return null;
  },
});

// Good - patch directly without reading when possible
export const updateNote = mutation({
  args: { id: v.id("notes"), content: v.string() },
  returns: v.null(),
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
    await ctx.db.patch("notes", args.id, { content: args.content });
    return null;
  },
});

// Good - parallel updates with Promise.all
export const reorderItems = mutation({
  args: { itemIds: v.array(v.id("items")) },
  returns: v.null(),
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
    await Promise.all(
      args.itemIds.map((id, index) => ctx.db.patch("items", id, { order: index }))
    );
    return null;
  },
});
确保变更操作具有幂等性:
typescript
// Good - idempotent, early return if already done
export const completeTask = mutation({
  args: { taskId: v.id("tasks") },
  returns: v.null(),
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
    const task = await ctx.db.get("tasks", args.taskId);
    if (!task || task.status === "completed") return null;  // Idempotent
    await ctx.db.patch("tasks", args.taskId, { status: "completed" });
    return null;
  },
});

// Good - patch directly without reading when possible
export const updateNote = mutation({
  args: { id: v.id("notes"), content: v.string() },
  returns: v.null(),
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
    await ctx.db.patch("notes", args.id, { content: args.content });
    return null;
  },
});

// Good - parallel updates with Promise.all
export const reorderItems = mutation({
  args: { itemIds: v.array(v.id("items")) },
  returns: v.null(),
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
    await Promise.all(
      args.itemIds.map((id, index) => ctx.db.patch("items", id, { order: index }))
    );
    return null;
  },
});

References

参考资料