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literature-review

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Literature Review

文献综述

Use this skill when the task is to find, screen, synthesize, and cite a body of academic or technical literature.
当任务为查找、筛选、整合并引用一系列学术或技术文献时，可使用本技能。

When to Use

使用场景

  • Building a systematic, scoping, or narrative literature review.
  • Synthesizing the state of the art for a research question.
  • Finding gaps, contradictions, or future-work directions.
  • Preparing citation-backed background sections for papers or reports.
  • Comparing evidence across peer-reviewed papers, preprints, patents, and technical reports.
  • 构建系统性、范围界定性或叙述性文献综述。
  • 针对研究问题整合当前技术现状。
  • 发现研究空白、矛盾点或未来研究方向。
  • 为论文或报告准备有引用支撑的背景章节。
  • 对比同行评议论文、预印本、专利及技术报告中的证据。

Review Types

综述类型

  • Narrative review: broad synthesis; useful for orientation.
  • Scoping review: maps concepts, methods, and evidence gaps.
  • Systematic review: predefined protocol, reproducible search, explicit screening and exclusion.
  • Meta-analysis: systematic review plus quantitative effect aggregation.
Ask the user which level of rigor is needed. If unspecified, default to a scoping review for exploratory work and a systematic review for publication or clinical claims.
  • 叙述性综述：广泛整合内容，适用于入门定位。
  • 范围界定性综述：梳理概念、方法及证据空白。
  • 系统性综述：遵循预定义流程，可复现的搜索过程，明确的筛选与排除标准。
  • 元分析：系统性综述加上定量效果汇总。
询问用户所需的严谨程度。若未指定，探索性工作默认使用范围界定性综述，用于发表或临床声明的工作默认使用系统性综述。

Workflow

工作流

1. Define the Question

1. 明确研究问题

Convert the prompt into a searchable research question.
For clinical or biomedical work, use PICO:
  • Population
  • Intervention or exposure
  • Comparator
  • Outcome
For technical work, use:
  • system or domain
  • method or intervention
  • comparison baseline
  • evaluation metric
将提示转换为可搜索的研究问题。
针对临床或生物医学工作，使用PICO框架：
  • Population（研究人群）
  • Intervention or exposure（干预或暴露因素）
  • Comparator（对照）
  • Outcome（结局指标）
针对技术类工作，使用以下框架：
  • 系统或领域
  • 方法或干预手段
  • 对比基准
  • 评估指标

2. Plan the Search

2. 规划搜索方案

Create a search protocol before collecting sources:
  • databases to search
  • date range
  • languages
  • publication types
  • inclusion criteria
  • exclusion criteria
  • exact search strings
Minimum useful database set:
  • PubMed for biomedical and life-sciences literature.
  • arXiv for CS, math, physics, quantitative biology, and preprints.
  • Semantic Scholar or Crossref for broad academic discovery.
  • Domain-specific sources when relevant, such as clinical-trial registries, patent databases, standards bodies, or official technical docs.
在收集来源前制定搜索方案：
  • 要搜索的数据库
  • 时间范围
  • 语言
  • 出版物类型
  • 纳入标准
  • 排除标准
  • 精确搜索字符串
最低可用数据库组合：
  • PubMed：用于生物医学和生命科学文献。
  • arXiv：用于计算机科学、数学、物理学、定量生物学及预印本。
  • Semantic Scholar或Crossref：用于广泛的学术发现。
  • 相关领域的特定来源，如临床试验注册库、专利数据库、标准机构或官方技术文档。

3. Search and Log Evidence

3. 搜索并记录证据

Keep a search log that makes the review reproducible:
markdown
| Database | Date searched | Query | Filters | Results | Export |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| PubMed | 2026-05-11 | `("CRISPR"[tiab] OR "Cas9"[tiab]) AND "sickle cell"[tiab]` | 2020:2026, English | 86 | PMID list |
| arXiv | 2026-05-11 | `CRISPR sickle cell gene editing` | q-bio, 2020:2026 | 9 | BibTeX |
Save raw IDs, URLs, DOIs, abstracts, and notes separately from the final prose.
保留可复现综述的搜索日志：
markdown
| Database | Date searched | Query | Filters | Results | Export |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| PubMed | 2026-05-11 | `("CRISPR"[tiab] OR "Cas9"[tiab]) AND "sickle cell"[tiab]` | 2020:2026, English | 86 | PMID list |
| arXiv | 2026-05-11 | `CRISPR sickle cell gene editing` | q-bio, 2020:2026 | 9 | BibTeX |
将原始ID、URL、DOI、摘要及笔记与最终文稿分开保存。

4. Deduplicate

4. 去重

Deduplicate in this order:
  1. DOI
  2. PMID or arXiv ID
  3. exact title
  4. normalized title plus first author and year
Record how many duplicates were removed.
按以下顺序进行去重：
  1. DOI
  2. PMID或arXiv ID
  3. 精确标题
  4. 标准化标题加上第一作者及年份
记录移除的重复项数量。

5. Screen Sources

5. 筛选来源

Screen in stages:
  1. title
  2. abstract
  3. full text
For systematic work, record exclusion reasons:
  • wrong population
  • wrong intervention
  • wrong outcome
  • not primary research
  • duplicate
  • unavailable full text
  • outside date range
分阶段筛选：
  1. 标题
  2. 摘要
  3. 全文
针对系统性工作，记录排除原因：
  • 研究人群不符
  • 干预手段不符
  • 结局指标不符
  • 非原始研究
  • 重复项
  • 无法获取全文
  • 超出时间范围

6. Extract Data

6. 提取数据

Use a structured extraction table:
markdown
| Study | Design | Population/Data | Method | Comparator | Outcome | Key finding | Limitations |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Author Year | RCT/cohort/review/etc. | sample or corpus | method | baseline | measured outcome | result | caveat |
For technical papers, include dataset, benchmark, metric, baseline, and reproducibility notes.
使用结构化提取表格：
markdown
| Study | Design | Population/Data | Method | Comparator | Outcome | Key finding | Limitations |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Author Year | RCT/cohort/review/etc. | sample or corpus | method | baseline | measured outcome | result | caveat |
针对技术论文，需包含数据集、基准、指标、基准线及可复现性说明。

7. Synthesize

7. 内容整合

Group evidence by theme rather than summarizing papers one by one.
Useful synthesis lenses:
  • strongest evidence
  • conflicting evidence
  • methodological weaknesses
  • population or dataset limits
  • recency and replication
  • practical implications
  • unanswered questions
Separate claims by confidence:
  • High confidence: replicated, high-quality evidence across sources.
  • Medium confidence: plausible but limited by sample, method, or recency.
  • Low confidence: early, speculative, single-source, or weakly measured.
按主题分组证据，而非逐一总结论文。
实用的整合视角：
  • 最强证据
  • 矛盾证据
  • 方法学缺陷
  • 人群或数据集限制
  • 时效性与可重复性
  • 实际应用意义
  • 未解决问题
按可信度区分结论：
  • 高可信度：多来源可复现的高质量证据。
  • 中等可信度：看似合理，但受样本、方法或时效性限制。
  • 低可信度：早期、推测性、单一来源或测量较弱的证据。

8. Verify Citations

8. 核查引用

Before finalizing:
  • verify DOI, PMID, arXiv ID, or official URL
  • check author names and publication year
  • do not cite a paper for a claim it does not make
  • mark preprints as preprints
  • distinguish reviews from primary evidence
定稿前需：
  • 验证DOI、PMID、arXiv ID或官方URL
  • 核对作者姓名及发表年份
  • 不要引用未支持对应结论的论文
  • 标记预印本为预印本
  • 区分综述与原始证据

Output Template

输出模板

markdown
undefined
markdown
undefined

Literature Review: <Topic>

Literature Review: <Topic>

Generated: <date> Review type: <narrative | scoping | systematic | meta-analysis> Search window: <dates> Databases: <list>
Generated: <date> Review type: <narrative | scoping | systematic | meta-analysis> Search window: <dates> Databases: <list>

Research Question

Research Question

Search Strategy

Search Strategy

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Evidence Summary

Evidence Summary

Thematic Synthesis

Thematic Synthesis

Gaps and Limitations

Gaps and Limitations

References

References

Search Log

Search Log

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Pitfalls

注意事项

  • Do not treat search snippets as evidence.
  • Do not mix preprints, reviews, and primary studies without labeling them.
  • Do not omit negative or conflicting findings.
  • Do not claim systematic-review rigor without a reproducible protocol.
  • Do not use a single database for a broad claim unless the scope is explicitly limited to that database.
  • 不要将搜索片段作为证据。
  • 不要混淆预印本、综述与原始研究，需明确标注。
  • 不要忽略负面或矛盾的研究结果。
  • 若无可复现的流程，不要宣称具备系统性综述的严谨性。
  • 除非明确限定范围，否则不要仅使用单个数据库得出宽泛结论。