maoxuan-skill-cognitive-framework

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Original

English
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Translation

Chinese

毛选.skill — Mao's Cognitive Framework for Strategic Analysis

毛选.skill — 用于战略分析的毛泽东认知框架

Skill by ara.so — Daily 2026 Skills collection.
A Claude Code skill that distills the core mental models from 《毛泽东选集》 (Selected Works of Mao Zedong) into an operational cognitive framework. Not a quote repeater — applies his analytical methods to your actual problems: startup vs. big corp, team conflicts, resource allocation, competitive strategy, career pivots.
7 core mental models · 10 decision heuristics · Full expression DNA

ara.so开发的Skill — 属于Daily 2026 Skills系列。
这是一款Claude Code Skill,它将《毛泽东选集》中的核心思维模型提炼为可落地的认知框架。它并非简单引用语录,而是将这些分析方法应用到你的实际问题中:创业公司对阵大企业、团队冲突、资源分配、竞争策略、职业转型等。
7个核心思维模型 · 10条决策启发 · 完整表达逻辑

Installation

安装

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Install via skills CLI

通过skills CLI安装

npx skills add leezythu/maoxuan-skill
npx skills add leezythu/maoxuan-skill

Or clone directly

或直接克隆仓库


After installation, trigger in Claude Code with any of:
毛选 教员 用毛选的方式分析 从毛选的角度 教员怎么看 用毛选框架

---

安装完成后,在Claude Code中使用以下任一指令触发:
毛选 教员 用毛选的方式分析 从毛选的角度 教员怎么看 用毛选框架

---

What the Skill Does

Skill功能

The skill loads
SKILL.md
into your AI agent's context, giving it:
  1. 7 Mental Models — operational frameworks extracted from core writings
  2. 10 Decision Heuristics — concrete rules for ambiguous situations
  3. Expression DNA — the rhetorical style (direct address, historical analogy, dialectical structure)
  4. Honest Boundaries — what it can and cannot do
The agent does NOT roleplay as Mao. It uses his analytical frameworks to examine your problem.

该Skill会将
SKILL.md
加载到AI Agent的上下文环境中,使其具备:
  1. 7个思维模型 — 从核心著作中提取的可操作框架
  2. 10条决策启发 — 针对模糊场景的具体规则
  3. 表达逻辑 — 独特的修辞风格(直接对话、历史类比、辩证结构)
  4. 明确边界 — 清晰界定能做与不能做的事
Agent不会扮演毛泽东的角色,而是运用他的分析框架来审视你的问题。

Repository Structure

仓库结构

maoxuan-skill/
├── SKILL.md                          # Core skill file loaded by agent
├── README.md
├── LICENSE                           # MIT
└── references/
    └── research/
        ├── 01-core-writings.md       # Distilled core texts
        ├── 02-strategic-thinking.md  # Strategic thinking analysis
        ├── 03-expression-dna.md      # Expression style DNA
        ├── 04-external-views.md      # External perspectives
        ├── 05-decisions.md           # Key decision analysis
        └── 06-timeline.md            # Timeline reference

maoxuan-skill/
├── SKILL.md                          # Agent加载的核心Skill文件
├── README.md
├── LICENSE                           # MIT协议
└── references/
    └── research/
        ├── 01-core-writings.md       # 提炼后的核心文本
        ├── 02-strategic-thinking.md  # 战略思维分析
        ├── 03-expression-dna.md      # 表达风格逻辑
        ├── 04-external-views.md      # 外部视角
        ├── 05-decisions.md           # 关键决策分析
        └── 06-timeline.md            # 时间线参考

The 7 Core Mental Models

7个核心思维模型

1. 矛盾分析法 — Contradiction Analysis

1. 矛盾分析法 — Contradiction Analysis

Source: 《矛盾论》 (On Contradiction)
Find the principal contradiction among all contradictions. Resolving it moves everything else.
Problem has N issues → identify the ONE that, if resolved, unlocks the others
Don't fight symptoms → fight the root contradiction
Principal aspect vs. secondary aspect within each contradiction
Application pattern:
User problem → List all tensions/conflicts
              → Identify principal contradiction (usually ≠ stated problem)
              → Focus all resources on principal contradiction
              → Secondary contradictions resolve or become manageable
来源: 《矛盾论》 (On Contradiction)
找出所有矛盾中的主要矛盾。解决它就能推动其他问题的解决。
问题包含N个事项 → 识别出那个解决后能带动其他问题的核心矛盾
不要治标 → 要治本
区分每个矛盾中的主要方面与次要方面
应用模式:
用户问题 → 列出所有矛盾/冲突
              → 识别主要矛盾(通常≠表面问题)
              → 将所有资源集中在主要矛盾上
              → 次要矛盾会自行解决或变得可控

2. 实践认识循环 — Practice-Cognition Loop

2. 实践认识循环 — Practice-Cognition Loop

Source: 《实践论》 (On Practice)
没有调查就没有发言权
No investigation, no right to speak.

Loop: Practice → Perception → Conception → Practice (verify) → repeat
Application pattern:
Don't theorize without data → go investigate first
Hypothesis → smallest possible test → update model → next test
Never skip the "go talk to real users/customers" step
来源: 《实践论》 (On Practice)
没有调查就没有发言权
No investigation, no right to speak.

循环:实践 → 感知 → 概念 → 实践(验证)→ 重复
应用模式:
没有数据不要空谈理论 → 先去调研
假设 → 最小化测试 → 更新模型 → 下一轮测试
永远不要跳过「与真实用户/客户沟通」的步骤

3. 持久战略 — Protracted War Strategy

3. 持久战略 — Protracted War Strategy

Source: 《论持久战》 (On Protracted War)
Three phases when you're the weaker party:
Phase 1: Strategic defensive — preserve strength, avoid decisive battles you'll lose
Phase 2: Strategic stalemate — attrit the enemy, build your base
Phase 3: Strategic offensive — counterattack from position of strength
Application pattern:
Early startup: don't fight big corp head-on (Phase 1)
Growing startup: find your niche, deepen it, build defensible moat (Phase 2)
Established player: expand from stronghold (Phase 3)
来源: 《论持久战》 (On Protracted War)
弱势方的三个阶段:
阶段1:战略防御 — 保存实力,避免必败的决战
阶段2:战略相持 — 消耗对手,建立自身根基
阶段3:战略反攻 — 从优势地位发起反击
应用模式:
早期创业公司:不要与大企业正面交锋(阶段1)
成长期创业公司:找到细分领域,深耕并建立防御壁垒(阶段2)
成熟企业:从优势阵地向外扩张(阶段3)

4. 农村包围城市 — Rural Encirclement of Cities

4. 农村包围城市 — Rural Encirclement of Cities

Source: 《星星之火,可以燎原》 (A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire)
Don't attack the enemy's strongest point
Find underserved edges the dominant player ignores
Build an unassailable base there
Expand concentrically until you can challenge the center
Application pattern:
Big corp's weakness: can't focus deeply on any single niche
Your advantage: you can go 10x deeper in ONE narrow segment
Win that segment completely → expand to adjacent segment → repeat
来源: 《星星之火,可以燎原》 (A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire)
不要攻击敌人的最强点
找到主导玩家忽略的未被满足的边缘市场
在那里建立牢不可破的根基
逐步向外扩张,直到有能力挑战核心市场
应用模式:
大企业的弱点:无法深入聚焦任何单一细分领域
你的优势:可以在一个狭窄领域做到10倍深耕
完全拿下该细分领域 → 扩展到相邻领域 → 重复此过程

5. 统一战线 — United Front

5. 统一战线 — United Front

Source: 《中国社会各阶级的分析》
把朋友搞得多多的,把敌人搞得少少的
Maximize allies, minimize enemies.

Distinguish: Who is the real enemy? Who is a potential ally even if uncomfortable?
Don't make enemies unnecessarily
Isolate the primary enemy by uniting everyone else
Application pattern:
Team conflict → reframe: shared enemy = market/competition
               → both factions are allies against the real enemy
               → 团结—批评—团结 (Unity → Criticism → Unity)
来源: 《中国社会各阶级的分析》
把朋友搞得多多的,把敌人搞得少少的
Maximize allies, minimize enemies.

区分:谁是真正的敌人?谁是潜在盟友,哪怕相处起来不舒服?
不要树敌过多
通过团结其他所有力量来孤立主要敌人
应用模式:
团队冲突 → 重新定义:共同的敌人=市场/竞争对手
               → 双方都是对抗真正敌人的盟友
               → 团结—批评—团结 (Unity → Criticism → Unity)

6. 群众路线 — Mass Line

6. 群众路线 — Mass Line

Source: 《关于领导方法的若干问题》
从群众中来,到群众中去
From the masses, to the masses.

Gather scattered ideas from users/team
Synthesize into coherent direction
Return to users/team as clear guidance
Verify in practice → iterate
Application pattern:
Product decisions: talk to 20 users → find patterns → build → ship → repeat
Management: don't dictate → listen → synthesize → align → execute
来源: 《关于领导方法的若干问题》
从群众中来,到群众中去
From the masses, to the masses.

收集用户/团队的零散想法
整合成清晰的方向
将明确的指导反馈给用户/团队
在实践中验证 → 迭代优化
应用模式:
产品决策:与20位用户沟通 → 发现规律 → 开发 → 发布 → 重复
管理:不要独裁 → 倾听 → 整合 → 对齐 → 执行

7. 纸老虎论 — Paper Tiger Theory

7. 纸老虎论 — Paper Tiger Theory

战略上藐视敌人,战术上重视敌人
Strategically: the enemy is a paper tiger (don't be paralyzed by their size)
Tactically: take them seriously in every specific engagement

Big corp LOOKS invincible → actually has massive structural weaknesses
You LOOK tiny → actually have massive agility advantages

战略上藐视敌人,战术上重视敌人
Strategically: the enemy is a paper tiger (不要被其规模吓倒)
Tactically: 在每一次具体交锋中都认真对待对手

大企业看起来不可战胜 → 实际上存在大量结构性弱点
你看起来体量微小 → 实际上拥有巨大的敏捷优势

10 Decision Heuristics

10条决策启发

HeuristicWhen to Apply
没有调查就没有发言权Before any major decision — go gather data first
抓主要矛盾When overwhelmed by multiple problems
星星之火,可以燎原When tempted to scale before the core is solid
一分为二看问题When analysis seems one-sided
不打无准备之仗Before launching any initiative
自力更生为主,争取外援为辅Resource allocation decisions
集中优势兵力,各个歼灭When to concentrate vs. spread resources
在战略上藐视,在战术上重视Facing intimidating competition
从群众中来,到群众中去Product/org decisions lacking user grounding
把朋友搞得多多的,把敌人搞得少少的Stakeholder and coalition decisions

启发原则适用场景
没有调查就没有发言权任何重大决策前 — 先收集数据
抓主要矛盾被多个问题困扰时
星星之火,可以燎原想要在核心业务稳固前扩张时
一分为二看问题分析看起来片面时
不打无准备之仗启动任何计划前
自力更生为主,争取外援为辅资源分配决策时
集中优势兵力,各个歼灭决定集中还是分散资源时
在战略上藐视,在战术上重视面对强大竞争对手时
从群众中来,到群众中去产品/组织决策缺乏用户基础时
把朋友搞得多多的,把敌人搞得少少的利益相关者和联盟决策时

Usage Patterns

使用模式

Pattern 1: Competitive Strategy Analysis

模式1:竞争策略分析

Trigger: 毛选

Problem: We're a 10-person startup. Google just shipped a product 
         that does what we do.

Framework applied:
→ 纸老虎论: Google's size = paper tiger. They have 1000 priorities. 
             You have 1.
→ 农村包围城市: Don't fight Google's product. Find the vertical 
                they'll never care about. Go 10x deeper there.
→ 持久战略 Phase 1: Don't go head-to-head. Survive, build base.
→ 矛盾分析: Principal contradiction = you haven't found your 
             unassailable niche yet. That's the ONE thing to solve.
触发指令: 毛选

问题: 我们是一家10人规模的创业公司,谷歌刚刚发布了一款和我们功能相同的产品。

应用的框架:
→ 纸老虎论: 谷歌的规模=纸老虎。他们有1000个优先级,而你只有1个。
→ 农村包围城市: 不要和谷歌的产品正面竞争。找到他们绝不会关注的垂直领域,在那里做到10倍深耕。
→ 持久战略阶段1: 不要正面交锋,先存活下来,建立根基。
→ 矛盾分析: 主要矛盾=你还没有找到自己牢不可破的细分领域。这是你需要解决的核心问题。

Pattern 2: Team Conflict Resolution

模式2:团队冲突解决

Trigger: 教员怎么看

Problem: Two tech leads hate each other. Team is split. 
         Shipping has stopped.

Framework applied:
→ 矛盾分析: Principal contradiction = missed deadlines/market window.
             Their conflict = secondary contradiction.
→ 统一战线: They are NOT enemies of each other. Market is the enemy.
             Unite them against the real enemy.
→ 团结—批评—团结: 
  Step 1: Establish shared goal (the "抗日" = shipping Q3)
  Step 2: Honest criticism session — facts on the table
  Step 3: Return to unity around shared goal
触发指令: 教员怎么看

问题: 两位技术主管互相敌视,团队分裂,产品交付停滞。

应用的框架:
→ 矛盾分析: 主要矛盾=错过交付期限/市场窗口。他们的冲突是次要矛盾。
→ 统一战线: 他们不是彼此的敌人,市场才是敌人。团结他们对抗真正的敌人。
→ 团结—批评—团结: 
  步骤1: 确立共同目标(相当于「抗日」=完成Q3交付)
  步骤2: 坦诚的批评会议 — 摆事实讲道理
  步骤3: 围绕共同目标重新团结

Pattern 3: Career/Pivot Decisions

模式3:职业/转型决策

Trigger: 用毛选的方式分析

Problem: Backend engineer, 5 years experience, 
         wants to enter AI but feels outgunned.

Framework applied:
→ 纸老虎论: "AI market is saturated" = paper tiger. 
             Most people are doing surface-level work.
→ 根据地思维: Your backend experience IS your base. 
               AI engineers don't have it.
→ 实践认识循环: Before strategizing — investigate. 
                 What are the actual bottlenecks to AI adoption 
                 in your industry? (hint: usually not the model)
→ 农村包围城市: Don't compete on algorithms. 
                 Own the "AI + [your industry]" niche.
触发指令: 用毛选的方式分析

问题: 我是一名有5年经验的后端工程师,想要进入AI领域,但感觉自己实力不足。

应用的框架:
→ 纸老虎论: 「AI市场饱和」=纸老虎。大多数人都在做表面工作。
→ 根据地思维: 你的后端经验就是你的根基,AI工程师没有这个优势。
→ 实践认识循环: 在制定策略前 — 先调研。你所在行业AI落地的实际瓶颈是什么?(提示:通常不是模型本身)
→ 农村包围城市: 不要在算法上竞争,占据「AI + [你的行业]」的细分领域。

Pattern 4: Resource Allocation

模式4:资源分配

Trigger: 毛选

Problem: 3 possible product directions, resources for 1.

Framework applied:
→ 矛盾分析: Which direction resolves the PRINCIPAL contradiction 
             (survival/growth)?
→ 集中优势兵力: Don't spread. Concentrate everything on ONE.
→ 持久战略: Which direction gives you a defensible base 
             to expand from later?
→ 没有调查就没有发言权: Have you actually talked to users 
                          in each direction? Do that first.

触发指令: 毛选

问题: 有3个可能的产品方向,但资源只够支持1个。

应用的框架:
→ 矛盾分析: 哪个方向能解决核心矛盾(生存/增长)?
→ 集中优势兵力: 不要分散资源,把所有资源集中在一个方向上。
→ 持久战略: 哪个方向能为你提供可防御的根基,以便后续扩张?
→ 没有调查就没有发言权: 你是否真的和每个方向的用户沟通过?先去做这件事。

Expression Style (What the Skill Sounds Like)

表达风格(Skill的输出特点)

The framework uses a distinctive rhetorical structure:
1. Direct address: "同志" / "你这个问题..."
2. Historical grounding: brief concrete analogy (not lecture)
3. Problem reframe: "你以为主要矛盾是X,其实是Y"
4. Framework application: named model + your specific situation
5. Concrete next action: specific, not vague
6. Closing formulation: aphorism tied to the analysis
It does NOT:
  • Lecture on history at length
  • Repeat quotes without applying them
  • Give generic motivational content
  • Avoid naming the hard thing

该框架采用独特的修辞结构:
1. 直接对话: "同志" / "你这个问题..."
2. 历史关联: 简短的具体类比(不是说教)
3. 问题重构: "你以为主要矛盾是X,其实是Y"
4. 框架应用: 明确命名模型+你的具体场景
5. 具体行动建议: 明确而非模糊
6. 总结表述: 与分析相关的格言
它不会:
  • 长篇大论地讲历史
  • 不加应用地引用语录
  • 给出通用的励志内容
  • 回避尖锐问题

Skill Compatibility

Skill兼容性

AgentCompatible
Claude Code✅ Primary target
Cursor✅ via SKILL.md in context
Codex
skills.sh
bash
undefined
Agent是否兼容
Claude Code✅ 主要适配对象
Cursor✅ 通过上下文加载SKILL.md实现
Codex
skills.sh
bash
undefined

Verify skill is loaded

验证Skill是否加载成功

npx skills list
npx skills list

Should show: maoxuan-skill-cognitive-framework

应显示: maoxuan-skill-cognitive-framework


---

---

Honest Boundaries

明确边界

What the skill can do:
  • Apply contradiction analysis to decompose complex problems
  • Use protracted war / rural encirclement for competitive strategy
  • Apply mass line thinking to product and org decisions
  • Use united front logic for stakeholder/coalition mapping
  • Provide dialectical (一分为二) analysis that avoids one-sidedness
What it cannot do:
LimitationReason
Replace actual domain expertiseFramework ≠ knowledge of your specific market
Generate specific execution plansProvides analytical structure, not implementation
Poetry / literary creationStyle is extractable, literary genius is not
Historical evaluationSkill focuses on methodology, not historical judgment
Guarantee outcomesAnalysis improves decisions, doesn't determine results

Skill能做的事:
  • 运用矛盾分析法拆解复杂问题
  • 用持久战/农村包围城市框架制定竞争策略
  • 将群众路线思维应用到产品和组织决策中
  • 用统一战线逻辑梳理利益相关者/联盟关系
  • 提供辩证(一分为二)分析,避免片面性
Skill不能做的事:
局限性原因
替代实际领域专业知识框架≠对你所在特定市场的了解
生成具体执行计划提供分析结构,而非实施方案
诗歌/文学创作可提取风格,但无法复制文学天赋
历史评价Skill聚焦方法论,而非历史评判
保证结果分析能优化决策,但无法决定结果

Why This Framework for Technical/Startup Problems

为什么用这个框架解决技术/创业问题

Most business frameworks assume you have resources. This one was built for the opposite:
FrameworkStarting conditions
Jobs/AppleTalent + capital + distribution
Musk/TeslaCapital + regulatory navigation
Munger/BerkshireInformation asymmetry + long time horizon
毛选Extreme resource disadvantage vs. vastly stronger opponent
If you're a small team facing a large competitor, a junior person navigating a large org, or a founder with limited runway — this framework was literally built for your situation.

大多数商业框架假设你拥有充足资源,而这个框架恰恰是为资源匮乏的场景打造的:
框架初始条件
Jobs/Apple人才+资本+渠道
Musk/Tesla资本+监管能力
Munger/Berkshire信息差+长期视野
毛选资源极度匮乏,面对远超自身的强大对手
如果你是面对大企业的小团队、在大公司中打拼的职场新人,或是资金有限的创业者——这个框架就是为你的场景量身打造的。

Contributing

贡献指南

bash
git clone https://github.com/leezythu/maoxuan-skill.git
cd maoxuan-skill
bash
git clone https://github.com/leezythu/maoxuan-skill.git
cd maoxuan-skill

Core skill file

核心Skill文件

vim SKILL.md
vim SKILL.md

Research references

研究参考资料

vim references/research/01-core-writings.md

PRs welcome for: additional mental model documentation, new application patterns, corrections to framework distillation.

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vim references/research/01-core-writings.md

欢迎提交PR:补充思维模型文档、新增应用模式、修正框架提炼内容。

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License

许可证

MIT — use freely, modify freely, build on it freely.

语录告诉你他说过什么。毛选.skill 帮你用他的方式看你的问题。
星星之火,可以燎原。
MIT — 自由使用、自由修改、自由基于其开发新内容。

语录告诉你他说过什么。毛选.skill 帮你用他的方式看你的问题。
星星之火,可以燎原。