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kubernetes-hardening

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Kubernetes Hardening

Kubernetes 集群加固

Secure Kubernetes clusters and workloads.
保护Kubernetes集群与工作负载。

When to Use This Skill

适用场景

Use this skill when:
  • Hardening Kubernetes clusters
  • Implementing Pod Security Standards
  • Configuring network policies
  • Meeting security compliance
在以下场景中使用本技能：
  • 加固Kubernetes集群
  • 实施Pod安全标准
  • 配置网络策略
  • 满足安全合规要求

Pod Security Standards

Pod安全标准

yaml
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yaml
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Namespace with restricted policy

Namespace with restricted policy

apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: production labels: pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: restricted pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: restricted pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: restricted
undefined
apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: production labels: pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: restricted pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: restricted pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: restricted
undefined

Security Context

安全上下文

yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: secure-pod
spec:
  securityContext:
    runAsNonRoot: true
    runAsUser: 1000
    runAsGroup: 1000
    fsGroup: 1000
    seccompProfile:
      type: RuntimeDefault
  containers:
  - name: app
    image: myapp:latest
    securityContext:
      allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
      readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      capabilities:
        drop: ["ALL"]
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: secure-pod
spec:
  securityContext:
    runAsNonRoot: true
    runAsUser: 1000
    runAsGroup: 1000
    fsGroup: 1000
    seccompProfile:
      type: RuntimeDefault
  containers:
  - name: app
    image: myapp:latest
    securityContext:
      allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
      readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      capabilities:
        drop: ["ALL"]

Network Policies

网络策略

yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: default-deny-all
spec:
  podSelector: {}
  policyTypes:
  - Ingress
  - Egress
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: allow-web
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      app: web
  ingress:
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          app: frontend
    ports:
    - port: 8080
yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: default-deny-all
spec:
  podSelector: {}
  policyTypes:
  - Ingress
  - Egress
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: allow-web
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      app: web
  ingress:
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          app: frontend
    ports:
    - port: 8080

RBAC

RBAC

yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: app-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods", "services"]
  verbs: ["get", "list"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: app-reader-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: myapp
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: app-reader
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: app-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods", "services"]
  verbs: ["get", "list"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: app-reader-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: myapp
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: app-reader
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Best Practices

最佳实践

  • Enable Pod Security Standards
  • Implement network policies
  • Use RBAC with least privilege
  • Enable audit logging
  • Secure etcd with encryption
  • Use service mesh for mTLS
  • Regular security scanning
  • 启用Pod安全标准
  • 实施网络策略
  • 使用最小权限原则的RBAC
  • 启用审计日志
  • 加密保护etcd
  • 使用服务网格实现mTLS
  • 定期进行安全扫描

Related Skills

相关技能

  • kubernetes-ops - K8s operations
  • container-hardening - Container security
  • kubernetes-ops - K8s运维
  • container-hardening - 容器安全