principle-make-operations-idempotent

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Apply when designing commands, lifecycle steps, or processing loops that run amid crashes, restarts, and retries. Converge to the same end state regardless of partial prior runs.

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Added on2026-07-06

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Make Operations Idempotent

Design operations so they converge to the correct state regardless of how many times they run or where they start from. Every state-mutating operation should answer: "What happens if this runs twice? What happens if the previous run crashed halfway?"

Why: Commands, lifecycle operations, and processing loops run where crashes, restarts, and retries are normal. If partial state changes the next run's outcome, every restart becomes a debugging session.

The pattern:

Convergent startup: scan for existing state, clean stale artifacts, adopt live sessions
Content-based cleanup: compare by content equivalence, not creation order
Self-healing locks: use PID-based stale lock detection
Idempotent scheduling: failed work respawns cleanly, fresh input regenerated after each cycle

The test:

What happens if this runs twice in a row?
What happens if the previous run crashed at every possible point?
Does re-execution converge to the same end state?

If any answer is "it depends on what state was left behind," the operation needs a reconciliation step.

principle-make-operations-idempotent

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Make Operations Idempotent