using Siemens.Engineering;                          // TiaPortal, Project, ExclusiveAccess, Transaction, events, exceptions
using Siemens.Engineering.Compiler;                 // CompilerResult
using Siemens.Engineering.Compare;                  // CompareResult
using Siemens.Engineering.Connection;               // connection objects between devices
using Siemens.Engineering.CrossReference;            // cross-reference queries
using Siemens.Engineering.Download;                 // DownloadProvider, DownloadConfiguration
using Siemens.Engineering.Download.Configurations;  // device-specific download configs (★ also in Step7 + Startdrive)
using Siemens.Engineering.HW;                       // Device, DeviceItem, Subnet, Node, IoSystem (★ also in Step7)
using Siemens.Engineering.HW.CommunicationConnections; // communication connection configs
using Siemens.Engineering.HW.Extensions;            // extension methods on HW objects
using Siemens.Engineering.HW.Features;              // SoftwareContainer, NetworkInterface (★ also in Step7)
using Siemens.Engineering.HW.HardwareCatalog;       // hardware catalog access
using Siemens.Engineering.HW.Utilities;             // HW utility helpers
using Siemens.Engineering.Library;                  // ProjectLibrary, GlobalLibrary
using Siemens.Engineering.Library.MasterCopies;     // MasterCopy, MasterCopyFolder
using Siemens.Engineering.Library.Types;            // LibraryType, LibraryTypeVersion
using Siemens.Engineering.Multiuser;                // LocalSession, ProjectServer
using Siemens.Engineering.Online;                   // OnlineProvider, OnlineState
using Siemens.Engineering.Online.Configurations;    // OnlineConfiguration, TLS/authentication callbacks
using Siemens.Engineering.Security;                 // SecurityController, certificates
using Siemens.Engineering.Settings;                 // TIA Portal settings
using Siemens.Engineering.Umac;                     // UmacRole, UmacUser, UmacFunctionRight
using Siemens.Engineering.Upload;                   // StationUploadProvider, ParameterUploadProvider
using Siemens.Engineering.Upload.Configurations;    // upload configs (★ also in Startdrive)
using Siemens.Engineering.VersionControl;           // workspace and version control providers

using Siemens.Engineering.Cax;                      // CAx import/export
using Siemens.Engineering.SW;                       // PlcSoftware
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.Alarm;                 // PlcAlarm, AlarmClass
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.Alarm.TextLists;       // alarm text lists
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.Blocks;                // PlcBlock, OB, FB, FC, GlobalDB, InstanceDB, ArrayDB
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.Blocks.Interface;      // block interface access
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.ExternalSources;       // PlcExternalSource
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.Loader;                // program loader
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.OpcUa;                 // OPC UA server interface
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.Supervision;           // supervision alarms, operator messages
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.Tags;                  // PlcTagTable, PlcTag, PlcConstant
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.TechnologicalObjects;  // technology objects
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.TechnologicalObjects.Motion; // motion axes (★ also in Startdrive)
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.Types;                 // PlcType, PlcStruct
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.Units;                 // SoftwareUnit, CodeBlock, DataBlock
using Siemens.Engineering.SW.WatchAndForceTables;   // PlcWatchTable, PlcForceTable

using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi;                      // HmiTarget (★ also in WinCC.Extension)
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Alarm;                // DiscreteAlarm, AnalogAlarm
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Communication;        // HmiConnection
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Cycle;                // cycle settings
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Dynamic;              // dynamization
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Faceplate;            // faceplate types
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Globalization;         // language/translation
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Logging;              // DataLog, LoggingTag
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Recipe;               // Recipe, RecipeElement
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.RuntimeScripting;     // VBScript
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Screen;               // HmiScreen, ScreenTemplate, ScreenPopup + all elements
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Tag;                  // HmiTag, HmiTagTable
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.TextGraphicList;      // text/graphic lists
using Siemens.Engineering.Hmi.Theming;              // HMI themes

using Siemens.Engineering.MC.Drives;                // DriveObject, DriveParameter, Telegram
using Siemens.Engineering.MC.Drives.DFI;            // DriveFunctionInterface, Commissioning
using Siemens.Engineering.MC.Drives.Enums;          // drive enumerations
using Siemens.Engineering.MC.Drives.SecurityObjects; // drive encryption, UMAC

using Siemens.Engineering.Safety;                   // safety operations

internal static class Program
{
    // Register resolver at earliest possible point
    static Program()
    {
        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += OnAssemblyResolve;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        // All Openness code must be in a separate class
        var app = new OpennessApp();
        app.Run();
    }

    private static Assembly OnAssemblyResolve(object sender, ResolveEventArgs args)
    {
        // Read install path from registry (recommended) or hardcode for simple tools
        string opennessFolder = GetOpennessInstallPath(); // implement per project
        AssemblyName requestedName = new AssemblyName(args.Name);
        string filePath = Path.Combine(opennessFolder,
            string.Concat(requestedName.Name, ".dll"));

        if (!requestedName.Name.StartsWith("Siemens.Engineering.") ||
            !File.Exists(filePath))
            return null;

        Assembly loaded = Assembly.LoadFrom(filePath);
        if (requestedName.FullName != loaded.GetName().FullName)
            throw new FileNotFoundException(
                "TIA Portal Openness version does not match", filePath);

        return loaded;
    }
}

private static string GetOpennessInstallPath()
{
    using (var key = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(
        @"SOFTWARE\Siemens\Automation\InstalledApps\Totally Integrated Automation Portal V21"))
    {
        string installPath = key?.GetValue("INSTALLPATH") as string;
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(installPath))
            throw new FileNotFoundException("TIA Portal V21 installation not found in registry.");
        return Path.Combine(installPath, @"PublicAPI\V21\net48");
    }
}

internal class OpennessApp
{
    public void Run()
    {
        using (TiaPortal tiaPortal = new TiaPortal(TiaPortalMode.WithUserInterface))
        {
            // All Openness work goes here
        }
        // TIA Portal is disposed (not necessarily closed) after this point
    }
}

// Attach to the first running TIA Portal process of this Openness version
TiaPortal tiaPortal = TiaPortal.GetProcesses().First().Attach();

// MessageBoxProvider — notification and confirmation dialogs
var msgBox = tiaPortal.GetService<MessageBoxProvider>();
msgBox?.ShowNotification(NotificationIcon.Information, "Title", "Message text");
msgBox?.ShowNotification(NotificationIcon.Warning, "Title", "Message", "Detail text");

// Confirmation dialog — defaultChoice is the pre-selected button; return value is user's choice
ConfirmationResult result = msgBox.ShowConfirmation(
    ConfirmationIcon.General, "Title", "Proceed?",
    ConfirmationChoices.Yes | ConfirmationChoices.No, ConfirmationResult.Yes);
if (result == ConfirmationResult.No) return;

// ProgressProvider — progress bar with cancellation
var progress = tiaPortal.GetService<ProgressProvider>();
progress?.Update("Step description", "Detail text");
if (progress?.IsCancelRequested == true)
{
    // User requested cancellation — clean up and return
}

// FeedbackProvider — log to Inspector window (General Info tab)
var feedback = tiaPortal.GetService<FeedbackProvider>();
feedback?.Log(NotificationIcon.Information, "Operation completed successfully.");
feedback?.Log(NotificationIcon.Warning, "Skipped 3 items due to missing data.");

tiaPortal.Disposed += OnDisposed;
try
{
    // ... work ...
}
finally
{
    tiaPortal.Disposed -= OnDisposed;
}

private static void OnDisposed(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // TIA Portal was closed externally — clean up and exit
}

tiaPortal.Notification += OnNotification;
try { /* ... */ }
finally { tiaPortal.Notification -= OnNotification; }

private static void OnNotification(object sender, NotificationEventArgs e)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"[TIA Notification] {e.Text}");
    // No response required — notification is auto-acknowledged
}

tiaPortal.Confirmation += OnConfirmation;
try { /* ... */ }
finally { tiaPortal.Confirmation -= OnConfirmation; }

private static void OnConfirmation(object sender, ConfirmationEventArgs e)
{
    e.Result = "Yes";
}

tiaPortal.Authentication += OnAuthentication;
try { /* open project ... */ }
finally { tiaPortal.Authentication -= OnAuthentication; }

private static void OnAuthentication(object sender, AuthenticationEventArgs e)
{
    // Choose one of: DesktopSso, Anonymous, Interactive, Credentials
    e.AuthenticationTypeProvider = AuthenticationTypeProvider.DesktopSso;
    // For Credentials mode, credentials are supplied separately via UmacDelegate
}

using (ExclusiveAccess exclusiveAccess = tiaPortal.ExclusiveAccess("Generating project"))
{
    // All Openness operations here run under exclusive access

    // Optionally update the displayed message during long operations
    exclusiveAccess.Text = "Compiling software";
    // ...
    exclusiveAccess.Text = "Downloading to PLC";
}
// Exclusive access is released on dispose

using (ExclusiveAccess exclusiveAccess = tiaPortal.ExclusiveAccess("Bulk edit"))
{
    using (Transaction transaction = exclusiveAccess.Transaction(project, "Create blocks"))
    {
        // Perform all modifications
        project.DeviceGroups.Create("Line_1");
        project.DeviceGroups.Create("Line_2");

        // MANDATORY: call CommitOnDispose() to persist changes
        // If this line is never reached, the transaction is rolled back
        transaction.CommitOnDispose();
    }
}

try
{
    // Openness work
}
catch (EngineeringSecurityException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Access denied: {ex.Message}");
}
catch (EngineeringObjectDisposedException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Object disposed: {ex.Message}");
}
catch (EngineeringNotSupportedException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Not supported: {ex.MessageData.Text}");
    foreach (ExceptionMessageData detail in ex.DetailMessageData)
        Console.WriteLine($"  Detail: {detail.Text}");
}
catch (MissingProductsException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Missing products: {ex.Message}");
}
catch (EngineeringTargetInvocationException)
{
    throw; // Do not swallow — rethrow for caller to handle
}
catch (EngineeringException)
{
    throw; // Do not swallow general engineering exceptions
}
catch (NonRecoverableException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Fatal — TIA Portal closed: {ex.Message}");
    // Must restart TIA Portal; the session is gone
}

// Primary — visible in project navigation, full read-write access
Project primary = tiaPortal.Projects.Open(
    new FileInfo(path), umacDelegate, ProjectOpenMode.Primary);

// Secondary — hidden from UI, always read-only regardless of user rights
Project secondary = tiaPortal.Projects.Open(
    new FileInfo(path), null, ProjectOpenMode.Secondary);

bool isPrimary = secondary.IsPrimary; // false

// Reference equality (same .NET object reference)
bool sameRef = (objA == objB);

// TIA Portal identity equality (same engineering object, possibly different references)
bool sameObj = System.Object.Equals(objA, objB);

// Correct
var dir = new DirectoryInfo(@"C:\Projects\MyProject\Export");

// Wrong — will throw
var dir = new DirectoryInfo(@"Export");

// Get names of all available attributes
IList<EngineeringAttributeInfo> infos =
    ((IEngineeringObject)deviceItem).GetAttributeInfos();

// Read all readable attributes in one call
IList<string> names = infos.Select(i => i.Name).ToList();
IList<object> values = ((IEngineeringObject)deviceItem).GetAttributes(names);

// AttributeAccessOptions: None, ReadOnly, WriteOnly, ReadWrite
IReadOnlyList<KeyValuePair<string, object>> readableAttrs =
    deviceItem.GetAttributes(AttributeAccessOptions.ReadOnly);

var pairs = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>
{
    new KeyValuePair<string, object>("Name", "NewModuleName"),
    new KeyValuePair<string, object>("Comment", "Auto-generated")
};

// Overload with callback fires after each attribute is set
deviceItem.SetAttributes(pairs, (name, val, ex) =>
{
    if (ex != null)
        Console.WriteLine($"Failed to set {name}: {ex.Message}");
});

// Overload without callback — for non-HW objects
((IEngineeringObject)someObject).SetAttributes(pairs);