dotnet-test-frameworks

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.NET Test Framework Reference

.NET 测试框架参考

Language-specific detection patterns for .NET test frameworks (MSTest, xUnit, NUnit, TUnit).

针对.NET测试框架（MSTest、xUnit、NUnit、TUnit）的语言专属检测模式。

Test File Identification

测试文件识别

Framework	Test class markers	Test method markers
MSTest	`[TestClass]`	`[TestMethod]` , `[DataTestMethod]`
xUnit	(none — convention-based)	`[Fact]` , `[Theory]`
NUnit	`[TestFixture]`	`[Test]` , `[TestCase]` , `[TestCaseSource]`
TUnit	`[ClassDataSource]`	`[Test]`

框架	测试类标记	测试方法标记
MSTest	`[TestClass]`	`[TestMethod]` , `[DataTestMethod]`
xUnit	（无，基于约定识别）	`[Fact]` , `[Theory]`
NUnit	`[TestFixture]`	`[Test]` , `[TestCase]` , `[TestCaseSource]`
TUnit	`[ClassDataSource]`	`[Test]`

Assertion APIs by Framework

各框架断言API

Category	MSTest	xUnit	NUnit
Equality	`Assert.AreEqual`	`Assert.Equal`	`Assert.That(x, Is.EqualTo(y))`
Boolean	`Assert.IsTrue` / `Assert.IsFalse`	`Assert.True` / `Assert.False`	`Assert.That(x, Is.True)`
Null	`Assert.IsNull` / `Assert.IsNotNull`	`Assert.Null` / `Assert.NotNull`	`Assert.That(x, Is.Null)`
Exception	`Assert.Throws<T>()` / `Assert.ThrowsExactly<T>()`	`Assert.Throws<T>()`	`Assert.That(() => ..., Throws.TypeOf<T>())`
Collection	`CollectionAssert.Contains`	`Assert.Contains`	`Assert.That(col, Has.Member(x))`
String	`StringAssert.Contains`	`Assert.Contains(str, sub)`	`Assert.That(str, Does.Contain(sub))`
Type	`Assert.IsInstanceOfType`	`Assert.IsAssignableFrom`	`Assert.That(x, Is.InstanceOf<T>())`
Inconclusive	`Assert.Inconclusive()`	skip via `[Fact(Skip)]`	`Assert.Inconclusive()`
Fail	`Assert.Fail()`	`Assert.Fail()` (.NET 10+)	`Assert.Fail()`

Third-party assertion libraries:

Should*

(Shouldly),

.Should()

(FluentAssertions / AwesomeAssertions),

Verify()

(Verify).

分类	MSTest	xUnit	NUnit
相等判断	`Assert.AreEqual`	`Assert.Equal`	`Assert.That(x, Is.EqualTo(y))`
布尔判断	`Assert.IsTrue` / `Assert.IsFalse`	`Assert.True` / `Assert.False`	`Assert.That(x, Is.True)`
空值判断	`Assert.IsNull` / `Assert.IsNotNull`	`Assert.Null` / `Assert.NotNull`	`Assert.That(x, Is.Null)`
异常判断	`Assert.Throws<T>()` / `Assert.ThrowsExactly<T>()`	`Assert.Throws<T>()`	`Assert.That(() => ..., Throws.TypeOf<T>())`
集合判断	`CollectionAssert.Contains`	`Assert.Contains`	`Assert.That(col, Has.Member(x))`
字符串判断	`StringAssert.Contains`	`Assert.Contains(str, sub)`	`Assert.That(str, Does.Contain(sub))`
类型判断	`Assert.IsInstanceOfType`	`Assert.IsAssignableFrom`	`Assert.That(x, Is.InstanceOf<T>())`
不确定结果	`Assert.Inconclusive()`	通过 `[Fact(Skip)]` 跳过	`Assert.Inconclusive()`
强制失败	`Assert.Fail()`	`Assert.Fail()` (.NET 10+)	`Assert.Fail()`

第三方断言库：

Should*

（Shouldly）、

.Should()

（FluentAssertions / AwesomeAssertions）、

Verify()

（Verify）。

Sleep/Delay Patterns

睡眠/延迟模式

Pattern	Example
Thread sleep	`Thread.Sleep(2000)`
Task delay	`await Task.Delay(1000)`
SpinWait	`SpinWait.SpinUntil(() => condition, timeout)`

模式	示例
线程睡眠	`Thread.Sleep(2000)`
任务延迟	`await Task.Delay(1000)`
自旋等待	`SpinWait.SpinUntil(() => condition, timeout)`

Skip/Ignore Annotations

跳过/忽略注解

Framework	Annotation	With reason
MSTest	`[Ignore]`	`[Ignore("reason")]`
xUnit	`[Fact(Skip = "reason")]`	(reason is required)
NUnit	`[Ignore("reason")]`	(reason is required)
TUnit	`[Skip("reason")]`	(reason is required)
Conditional	`#if false` / `#if NEVER`	(no reason possible)

框架	注解	支持填写原因
MSTest	`[Ignore]`	`[Ignore("reason")]`
xUnit	`[Fact(Skip = "reason")]`	（必须填写原因）
NUnit	`[Ignore("reason")]`	（必须填写原因）
TUnit	`[Skip("reason")]`	（必须填写原因）
条件编译	`#if false` / `#if NEVER`	（无法填写原因）

Exception Handling — Idiomatic Alternatives

异常处理——惯用替代方案

When a test uses

try

catch

to verify exceptions, suggest the framework-native alternative:

MSTest:

csharp

// Instead of try/catch (matches exact type):
var ex = Assert.ThrowsExactly<InvalidOperationException>(
    () => processor.ProcessOrder(emptyOrder));
Assert.AreEqual("Order must contain at least one item", ex.Message);

// Or (also matches derived types):
var ex = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(
    () => processor.ProcessOrder(emptyOrder));
Assert.AreEqual("Order must contain at least one item", ex.Message);

xUnit:

csharp

var ex = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(
    () => processor.ProcessOrder(emptyOrder));
Assert.Equal("Order must contain at least one item", ex.Message);

NUnit:

csharp

var ex = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(
    () => processor.ProcessOrder(emptyOrder));
Assert.That(ex.Message, Is.EqualTo("Order must contain at least one item"));

当测试使用

try

catch

验证异常时，推荐使用框架原生的替代方案：

MSTest:

csharp

// 替代try/catch（匹配 exact 类型）:
var ex = Assert.ThrowsExactly<InvalidOperationException>(
    () => processor.ProcessOrder(emptyOrder));
Assert.AreEqual("Order must contain at least one item", ex.Message);

// 或者（也匹配派生类型）:
var ex = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(
    () => processor.ProcessOrder(emptyOrder));
Assert.AreEqual("Order must contain at least one item", ex.Message);

xUnit:

csharp

var ex = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(
    () => processor.ProcessOrder(emptyOrder));
Assert.Equal("Order must contain at least one item", ex.Message);

NUnit:

csharp

var ex = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(
    () => processor.ProcessOrder(emptyOrder));
Assert.That(ex.Message, Is.EqualTo("Order must contain at least one item"));

Mystery Guest — Common .NET Patterns

神秘访客（Mystery Guest）——常见.NET模式

Smell indicator	What to look for
File system	`File.ReadAllText` , `File.Exists` , `File.WriteAllBytes` , `Directory.GetFiles` , `Path.Combine` with hard-coded paths
Database	`SqlConnection` , `DbContext` (without in-memory provider), `SqlCommand`
Network	`HttpClient` without `HttpMessageHandler` override, `WebRequest` , `TcpClient`
Environment	`Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable` , `Environment.CurrentDirectory`
Acceptable	`MemoryStream` , `StringReader` , `InMemory` database providers, custom `DelegatingHandler`

坏味道指标	排查点
文件系统	带硬编码路径的 `File.ReadAllText` 、 `File.Exists` 、 `File.WriteAllBytes` 、 `Directory.GetFiles` 、 `Path.Combine`
数据库	`SqlConnection` 、未使用内存提供器的 `DbContext` 、 `SqlCommand`
网络请求	未重写 `HttpMessageHandler` 的 `HttpClient` 、 `WebRequest` 、 `TcpClient`
环境变量	`Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable` 、 `Environment.CurrentDirectory`
可接受用法	`MemoryStream` 、 `StringReader` 、内存数据库提供器、自定义 `DelegatingHandler`

Integration Test Markers

集成测试标记

Recognize these as integration tests (adjust smell severity accordingly):

Class name contains
```
Integration
```
,
```
E2E
```
,
```
EndToEnd
```
, or
```
Acceptance
```
```
[TestCategory("Integration")]
```
(MSTest)
```
[Trait("Category", "Integration")]
```
(xUnit)
```
[Category("Integration")]
```
(NUnit)
Project name ending in
```
.IntegrationTests
```
or
```
.E2ETests
```

以下特征可识别为集成测试（对应调整坏味道严重等级）：

类名包含
```
Integration
```
、
```
E2E
```
、
```
EndToEnd
```
或
```
Acceptance
```
```
[TestCategory("Integration")]
```
（MSTest）
```
[Trait("Category", "Integration")]
```
（xUnit）
```
[Category("Integration")]
```
（NUnit）
项目名以
```
.IntegrationTests
```
或
```
.E2ETests
```
结尾

Setup/Teardown Methods

Setup/Teardown 方法

Framework	Setup	Teardown
MSTest	`[TestInitialize]` or constructor	`[TestCleanup]` or `IDisposable.Dispose` / `IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync`
xUnit	constructor	`IDisposable.Dispose` / `IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync`
NUnit	`[SetUp]`	`[TearDown]`
MSTest (class)	`[ClassInitialize]`	`[ClassCleanup]`
NUnit (class)	`[OneTimeSetUp]`	`[OneTimeTearDown]`
xUnit (class)	`IClassFixture<T>`	fixture's `Dispose`

框架	Setup	Teardown
MSTest	`[TestInitialize]` 或构造函数	`[TestCleanup]` 或 `IDisposable.Dispose` / `IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync`
xUnit	构造函数	`IDisposable.Dispose` / `IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync`
NUnit	`[SetUp]`	`[TearDown]`
MSTest（类级别）	`[ClassInitialize]`	`[ClassCleanup]`
NUnit（类级别）	`[OneTimeSetUp]`	`[OneTimeTearDown]`
xUnit（类级别）	`IClassFixture<T>`	fixture 的 `Dispose` 方法