.NET Test Execution

.NET 测试执行

Basic Test Commands

基础测试命令

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Run all tests in solution

运行解决方案中的所有测试

dotnet test

Run tests in specific project

运行指定项目中的测试

dotnet test tests/MyApp.Tests/MyApp.Tests.csproj

Run without build (faster if already built)

跳过构建运行测试（若已构建则速度更快）

dotnet test --no-build

Run without restore

跳过还原运行测试

dotnet test --no-restore

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dotnet test --no-restore

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Test Filtering

测试筛选

By Name

按名称筛选

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Filter by fully qualified name (contains)

按完全限定名称筛选（包含匹配）

dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName~OrderService"

Filter by test name (exact match)

按测试名称筛选（精确匹配）

dotnet test --filter "Name=CreateOrder_ValidInput_ReturnsOrder"

Filter by display name

按显示名称筛选

dotnet test --filter "DisplayName~Create Order"

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dotnet test --filter "DisplayName~Create Order"

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By Category/Trait

按分类/特性筛选

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Filter by trait (xUnit)

按特性筛选（xUnit）

dotnet test --filter "Category=Unit" dotnet test --filter "Category!=Integration"

Multiple trait filters

多特性筛选

dotnet test --filter "Category=Unit&Priority=High" dotnet test --filter "Category=Unit|Category=Integration"

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dotnet test --filter "Category=Unit&Priority=High" dotnet test --filter "Category=Unit|Category=Integration"

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By Class/Namespace

按类/命名空间筛选

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Filter by class name

按类名筛选

dotnet test --filter "ClassName=OrderServiceTests"

Filter by namespace

按命名空间筛选

dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName~MyApp.Tests.Services"

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dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName~MyApp.Tests.Services"

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Complex Filters

复杂筛选

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Combine with operators

组合运算符使用

& (and), | (or), ! (not), ~ (contains), = (equals)

&（且）, |（或）, !（非）, ~（包含）, =（等于）

Unit tests except slow ones

单元测试（排除慢测试）

dotnet test --filter "Category=Unit&Category!=Slow"

All tests in namespace containing "Order"

命名空间中包含"Order"的所有测试（排除集成测试）

dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName~Order&Category!=Integration"

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dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName~Order&Category!=Integration"

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Test Output

测试输出

Verbosity Levels

详细程度级别

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Quiet (minimal output)

安静模式（最少输出）

dotnet test --verbosity quiet dotnet test -v q

Normal (default)

正常模式（默认）

dotnet test --verbosity normal

Detailed (shows all test names)

详细模式（显示所有测试名称）

dotnet test --verbosity detailed dotnet test -v d

Diagnostic (maximum output)

诊断模式（最大输出）

dotnet test --verbosity diagnostic

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dotnet test --verbosity diagnostic

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Logger Options

日志选项

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Console logger with verbosity

带详细程度的控制台日志

dotnet test --logger "console;verbosity=detailed"

TRX (Visual Studio Test Results)

TRX格式（Visual Studio测试结果）

dotnet test --logger trx

JUnit format (for CI systems)

JUnit格式（适用于CI系统）

dotnet test --logger "junit;LogFileName=results.xml"

HTML report

HTML报告

dotnet test --logger "html;LogFileName=results.html"

Multiple loggers

多日志器

dotnet test --logger trx --logger "console;verbosity=detailed"

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dotnet test --logger trx --logger "console;verbosity=detailed"

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Results Directory

结果目录

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Specify results output directory

指定结果输出目录

dotnet test --results-directory ./TestResults

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dotnet test --results-directory ./TestResults

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Code Coverage

代码覆盖率

Collect Coverage

收集覆盖率数据

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Basic coverage collection

基础覆盖率收集

dotnet test --collect:"XPlat Code Coverage"

With Coverlet

使用Coverlet收集

dotnet test /p:CollectCoverage=true

Coverlet with specific format

使用Coverlet并指定格式

dotnet test /p:CollectCoverage=true /p:CoverletOutputFormat=cobertura

Multiple formats

多格式输出

dotnet test /p:CollectCoverage=true /p:CoverletOutputFormat="opencover,cobertura"

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dotnet test /p:CollectCoverage=true /p:CoverletOutputFormat="opencover,cobertura"

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Coverage Thresholds

覆盖率阈值

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Fail if coverage below threshold

若覆盖率低于阈值则测试失败

dotnet test /p:CollectCoverage=true /p:Threshold=80

Per-type thresholds

按类型设置阈值

dotnet test /p:CollectCoverage=true /p:ThresholdType=line /p:Threshold=80

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dotnet test /p:CollectCoverage=true /p:ThresholdType=line /p:Threshold=80

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Coverage Reports

覆盖率报告

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Install report generator

安装报告生成器

dotnet tool install -g dotnet-reportgenerator-globaltool

Generate HTML report

生成HTML报告

reportgenerator -reports:coverage.cobertura.xml -targetdir:coveragereport

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reportgenerator -reports:coverage.cobertura.xml -targetdir:coveragereport

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Parallel Execution

并行执行

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Control parallelism

启用并行执行

dotnet test --parallel

Limit parallel workers

限制并行工作进程数

dotnet test -- RunConfiguration.MaxCpuCount=4

Disable parallel execution

禁用并行执行

dotnet test -- RunConfiguration.DisableParallelization=true

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dotnet test -- RunConfiguration.DisableParallelization=true

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Test Timeouts

测试超时

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Set test timeout (milliseconds)

设置测试会话超时（毫秒）

dotnet test -- RunConfiguration.TestSessionTimeout=60000


```csharp
// Per-test timeout (xUnit)
[Fact(Timeout = 5000)]
public void SlowTest() { }

// Per-test timeout (NUnit)
[Test, Timeout(5000)]
public void SlowTest() { }

dotnet test -- RunConfiguration.TestSessionTimeout=60000


```csharp
// 单测试超时（xUnit）
[Fact(Timeout = 5000)]
public void SlowTest() { }

// 单测试超时（NUnit）
[Test, Timeout(5000)]
public void SlowTest() { }

Configuration Files

配置文件

runsettings

runsettings文件

xml

<!-- test.runsettings -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RunSettings>
  <RunConfiguration>
    <MaxCpuCount>4</MaxCpuCount>
    <ResultsDirectory>./TestResults</ResultsDirectory>
    <TestSessionTimeout>600000</TestSessionTimeout>
  </RunConfiguration>
  <DataCollectionRunSettings>
    <DataCollectors>
      <DataCollector friendlyName="XPlat Code Coverage">
        <Configuration>
          <Format>cobertura</Format>
          <Exclude>[*]*.Migrations.*</Exclude>
        </Configuration>
      </DataCollector>
    </DataCollectors>
  </DataCollectionRunSettings>
</RunSettings>

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xml

<!-- test.runsettings -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RunSettings>
  <RunConfiguration>
    <MaxCpuCount>4</MaxCpuCount>
    <ResultsDirectory>./TestResults</ResultsDirectory>
    <TestSessionTimeout>600000</TestSessionTimeout>
  </RunConfiguration>
  <DataCollectionRunSettings>
    <DataCollectors>
      <DataCollector friendlyName="XPlat Code Coverage">
        <Configuration>
          <Format>cobertura</Format>
          <Exclude>[*]*.Migrations.*</Exclude>
        </Configuration>
      </DataCollector>
    </DataCollectors>
  </DataCollectionRunSettings>
</RunSettings>

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Use runsettings file

使用runsettings文件

dotnet test --settings test.runsettings

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dotnet test --settings test.runsettings

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Test Failure Analysis

测试失败分析

Common Failure Patterns

常见失败模式

Pattern	Cause	Fix
Assert.Equal failed	Expected != Actual	Check logic, verify test data
NullReferenceException	Null not handled	Add null checks, verify setup
TimeoutException	Test too slow	Optimize or increase timeout
ObjectDisposedException	Using disposed object	Fix lifetime management
InvalidOperationException	Invalid state	Check test setup/order

模式	原因	修复方案
Assert.Equal 失败	预期值与实际值不匹配	检查逻辑，验证测试数据
NullReferenceException	未处理空引用	添加空值检查，验证测试初始化
TimeoutException	测试执行过慢	优化测试或增加超时时间
ObjectDisposedException	使用已释放的对象	修复对象生命周期管理
InvalidOperationException	无效状态	检查测试初始化/执行顺序

Debugging Failed Tests

调试失败测试

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Run single failing test with detailed output

运行单个失败测试并显示详细输出

dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName~FailingTest" -v d

Enable blame mode to catch hangs

启用Blame模式捕获挂起

dotnet test --blame

Blame with hang detection

启用Blame模式并检测挂起（超时60秒）

dotnet test --blame-hang --blame-hang-timeout 60s

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dotnet test --blame-hang --blame-hang-timeout 60s

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Watch Mode

监听模式

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Run tests on file changes

文件变更时自动运行测试

dotnet watch test

Watch specific project

监听指定项目

dotnet watch --project tests/MyApp.Tests test

Watch with filter

监听并按筛选条件运行测试

dotnet watch test --filter "Category=Unit"

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dotnet watch test --filter "Category=Unit"

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CI/CD Integration

CI/CD集成

Exit Codes

退出代码

Code	Meaning
0	All tests passed
1	Tests failed
2	Command line error

代码	含义
0	所有测试通过
1	测试失败
2	命令行错误

CI Examples

CI示例

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Azure DevOps

task: DotNetCoreCLI@2 inputs: command: test arguments: '--configuration Release --logger trx'

task: DotNetCoreCLI@2 inputs: command: test arguments: '--configuration Release --logger trx'

GitHub Actions

run: dotnet test --configuration Release --logger "trx;LogFileName=test-results.trx"


See [test-filtering.md](test-filtering.md) for advanced filtering patterns.

run: dotnet test --configuration Release --logger "trx;LogFileName=test-results.trx"


查看 [test-filtering.md](test-filtering.md) 获取高级筛选模式。

dotnet-test

Original

Translation

.NET Test Execution

.NET 测试执行

Basic Test Commands

基础测试命令

Run all tests in solution

运行解决方案中的所有测试

Run tests in specific project

运行指定项目中的测试

Run without build (faster if already built)

跳过构建运行测试（若已构建则速度更快）

Run without restore

跳过还原运行测试

Test Filtering

测试筛选

By Name

按名称筛选

Filter by fully qualified name (contains)

按完全限定名称筛选（包含匹配）

Filter by test name (exact match)

按测试名称筛选（精确匹配）

Filter by display name

按显示名称筛选

By Category/Trait

按分类/特性筛选

Filter by trait (xUnit)

按特性筛选（xUnit）

Multiple trait filters

多特性筛选

By Class/Namespace

按类/命名空间筛选

Filter by class name

按类名筛选

Filter by namespace

按命名空间筛选

Complex Filters

复杂筛选

Combine with operators

组合运算符使用

& (and), | (or), ! (not), ~ (contains), = (equals)

&（且）, |（或）, !（非）, ~（包含）, =（等于）

Unit tests except slow ones

单元测试（排除慢测试）

All tests in namespace containing "Order"

命名空间中包含"Order"的所有测试（排除集成测试）

Test Output

测试输出

Verbosity Levels

详细程度级别

Quiet (minimal output)

安静模式（最少输出）

Normal (default)

正常模式（默认）

Detailed (shows all test names)

详细模式（显示所有测试名称）

Diagnostic (maximum output)

诊断模式（最大输出）

Logger Options

日志选项

Console logger with verbosity

带详细程度的控制台日志

TRX (Visual Studio Test Results)

TRX格式（Visual Studio测试结果）

JUnit format (for CI systems)

JUnit格式（适用于CI系统）

HTML report

HTML报告

Multiple loggers

多日志器

Results Directory

结果目录

Specify results output directory

指定结果输出目录

Code Coverage

代码覆盖率

Collect Coverage

收集覆盖率数据

Basic coverage collection