dreambase-data-presentation

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Chinese

Data Presentations

数据演示文稿

A presentation is a data story constrained by a room, a clock, and a person talking over it. Those three constraints change almost every design decision — which is why a deck is not a report with page breaks.
演示文稿是受会议室、时间限制以及演讲者讲述约束的数据故事。这三个约束几乎会改变所有设计决策——这就是为什么演示文稿不是加了分页的报告。

The rule everything else serves

所有规则的核心准则

Every content slide's title is a full-sentence assertion, left-justified, no more than two lines. Not a topic. Not a label.
"Q3 revenue grew 12% on enterprise renewals" — yes. "Q3 Results" — no.
This is the most over-determined rule in the entire field. Six independent traditions arrived at it separately: Alley's assertion-evidence (28 pt, ≤2 lines, left-justified), Duarte, Reynolds ("write a declarative statement rather than a title"), Doumont ("a complete sentence, with a subject and a verb… no more than 12 words or so"), consulting action titles ("NEVER have a title that is longer than two lines"), and NYT-style claim-titling. Nothing else in the canon has that much agreement behind it.
It also solves problems that look unrelated: the title is the only element that survives being viewed on a phone in Slack; the titles read in sequence are the argument (horizontal logic); and a slide whose title states the conclusion still works when it's forwarded without you.
每张内容幻灯片的标题都是完整的陈述句,左对齐,不超过两行。 不能是主题,也不能是标签。
“Q3企业续约收入增长12%”——正确。 “Q3业绩”——错误。
这是整个领域中最具共识的规则。六个独立的流派分别得出了这个结论:Alley的断言-证据法(28磅字体,≤2行,左对齐)、Duarte、Reynolds(“写一个陈述性语句而非标题”)、Doumont(“完整的句子,包含主语和谓语……不超过12个单词左右”)、咨询行业的行动式标题(“标题绝不能超过两行”)以及纽约时报风格的主张式标题。整个领域中没有其他规则能获得如此多的共识。
它还能解决看似无关的问题:标题是唯一能在Slack的手机端视图中完整显示的元素;按顺序阅读标题就能形成完整的论点(横向逻辑);即使幻灯片在没有演讲者陪同的情况下被转发,陈述结论的标题仍能让幻灯片发挥作用。

First fork: reading condition, not audience seniority

首要分支:阅读场景,而非受众层级

Decide how the artifact will be consumed before designing anything. This is the single highest-leverage decision, and getting it wrong is what produces the deck everyone complains about.
PresentedSentReference
ConditionRoom or screen share, you narrateInbox, read once, no narrationLooked up, scanned, quoted
Words in content zone≤ 20≤ 60unbounded
Series per chart≤ 3≤ 5≤ 8
Elements in content zone11–33–6
Body floor48 px / 24 pt28 px / 14 pt24 px / 12 pt
Titleassertionassertionassertion
The density variable is the reading condition, never the seniority of the audience. An exec deck isn't sparser because execs are busy; it's sparser because someone is talking over it.
Two consequences worth stating plainly:
  • Most analytics work is not a presentation. Duarte classifies "Research Findings," "Reports," and "Status Update" as slidedocs — read, not presented. If it will be emailed, design a slidedoc and say so: ~100 words/page (175 ceiling), and at 250+ words per page, stop making slides and write a document.
  • Never present a slidedoc aloud, and never send a presented deck without a companion. If real narrative is needed for the sent version, put it in speaker notes and export notes pages — don't thicken the slides.
在进行任何设计之前,先确定成品的使用场景。这是影响力最大的决策,一旦出错就会做出人人抱怨的演示文稿。
现场演示发送传阅参考查阅
使用场景会议室或屏幕共享,由你讲解收件箱,一次性阅读,无讲解查阅、扫描、引用
内容区字数≤ 20≤ 60无限制
图表系列数≤ 3≤ 5≤ 8
内容区元素数量11–33–6
正文字号下限48 px / 24 pt28 px / 14 pt24 px / 12 pt
标题类型断言式断言式断言式
内容密度取决于阅读场景,而非受众的层级。高管演示文稿并非因为高管忙碌而更简洁,而是因为有人会在旁边讲解。
有两个值得明确说明的结论:
  • 大多数分析工作不属于演示文稿范畴。 Duarte将“研究结果”“报告”和“状态更新”归类为slidedoc——用于阅读,而非演示。如果内容将通过电子邮件发送,请设计slidedoc并明确说明:每页约100字(上限175字),当每页超过250字时,停止制作幻灯片,转而撰写文档
  • 切勿口头演示slidedoc,也切勿单独发送现场演示用的文稿。 如果传阅版本需要完整叙事,请将内容放在演讲者备注中并导出备注页面——不要增加幻灯片的内容密度。

Skill composition

技能组合

  • dreambase-data-stories
    — for the argument.
    It owns the Big Idea, the pyramid/arc, and audience tiering. This skill owns the slide, the room, and the presenter. When both apply: get the Big Idea and storyline there, then bring them here. When it isn't available,
    references/deck-genres.md
    carries enough storyline structure to work standalone.
  • dreambase-visualization-design
    — for every chart.
    Its selection matrix and integrity gate stay in force. This skill adds what it doesn't cover: legibility at room distance, staged reveals, and one-chart-carries-one-claim.
  • dreambase-echarts
    — when charts render.
    Deck-specific animation settings are in
    references/interactive.md
    ; don't accept ECharts' defaults for a deck.
  • dreambase-public-reports
    — when the audience is external.
    Its redaction rules govern before anything ships.
  • A brand skill,
    design.md
    ,
    .potx
    , or a brand URL — whenever offered.
    references/brand-theming.md
    has the extraction procedure per input type. Absent any brand input, derive a system rather than reaching for defaults.
  • dreambase-data-stories
    —— 用于构建论点
    。它负责核心观点、金字塔/叙事弧以及受众分层。本技能负责幻灯片、现场场景和演讲者。当两者都适用时:先确定核心观点和故事线,再应用本技能。如果该技能不可用,
    references/deck-genres.md
    包含足够的故事线结构,可独立使用。
  • dreambase-visualization-design
    —— 用于所有图表
    。其选择矩阵和完整性准则仍然有效。本技能补充它未涵盖的内容:远距离可读性、分阶段展示以及“一图一论点”原则。
  • dreambase-echarts
    —— 当需要渲染图表时
    。演示文稿专用的动画设置在
    references/interactive.md
    中;不要使用ECharts的默认设置来制作演示文稿。
  • dreambase-public-reports
    —— 当受众为外部人员时
    。其编辑规则在内容发布前优先生效。
  • 品牌技能、
    design.md
    .potx
    或品牌URL —— 只要用户提供
    references/brand-theming.md
    包含针对不同输入类型的提取流程。如果没有任何品牌输入,请自行推导设计系统,而非使用默认设置。

Non-negotiables

不可妥协的准则

  1. Assertion titles, per above. A deck whose titles don't read as a coherent argument on their own isn't finished.
  2. Every number traces to data you were given. This is the failure mode that defines the category: AI deck tools accept only text input, so when a layout has a number-shaped hole, the number gets invented — published fact-checks of them report accuracy rates low enough that fabricated statistics have been attached to real named organizations. A number with no source is a bug, not a placeholder.
  3. Nothing load-bearing below the room floor — 32 px / 16 pt presented. The message itself ≥ 80 px / 40 pt, so the slide survives a phone.
  4. Animate only between states that share a data dimension. Otherwise cut or dissolve. Heer & Robertson: "Without a shared structure between graphics, animation may be ill-defined or misleadingly convey false relations."
  5. Highlight, don't withhold. Render all data on slide entry at 25–35% opacity and bring the focus series up — rather than adding data progressively. Progressive addition lets you land on a conclusion the full chart doesn't support; progressive emphasis can't.
  6. Nothing essential in a tooltip or hover. On stage there is no cursor at all — the presenter is holding a clicker. Direct-label on the slide; save tooltips for the shared link.
  7. Every slide gets a real title placeholder, alt text on every visual, and a source line. The title placeholder is how screen readers navigate a deck; shape order in the file is the reading order.
  8. Vary the layout, and decide it before you build. Assign an archetype to every slide in the storyline — full-bleed chart, chart+reasoning, comparison, small multiples, KPI row, single KPI, statement, table, image. Never three consecutive slides on the same archetype; ≥5 distinct archetypes per 20 slides; no archetype over 40% of the deck. This rule loses a fight with rule 1 if you let it: "assertion title, one chart" applied faithfully produces title-over-chart forever, and the deck passes every content rule while looking machine-made. Assertion-evidence constrains the argument, not the layout — the evidence form is what varies. If you're building a third title-over-chart slide in a row, change the evidence or merge the slides.
  9. Don't validate against audience preference. Three independent studies found audiences prefer the design they learn less from. Test comprehension ("what's the decision?"), never "does this look good?"
  1. 断言式标题,如上文所述。如果标题本身无法构成连贯论点,演示文稿就不算完成。
  2. 每个数字都能追溯到用户提供的数据。这是此类工具的常见失败模式:AI演示文稿工具仅接受文本输入,因此当布局中有数字位置时,数字会被凭空生成——已发布的事实核查显示,它们的准确率极低,甚至会将虚构的统计数据附加到真实的知名组织上。无来源的数字是漏洞,而非占位符。
  3. 现场演示时,关键内容字号不低于32 px / 16 pt。核心信息字号≥80 px / 40 pt,确保幻灯片在手机端也能清晰显示。
  4. 仅在共享数据维度的状态间添加动画。否则使用切页或溶解效果。Heer & Robertson指出:“如果图形之间没有共享结构,动画可能定义不清,或误导性地传达虚假关联。”
  5. 突出显示,而非隐藏数据。幻灯片加载时以25–35%的透明度显示所有数据,然后将重点系列调至正常透明度——而非逐步添加数据。逐步添加数据可能让你得出完整图表不支持的结论;逐步强调则不会。
  6. 关键内容切勿放在 tooltip 或悬停提示中。在舞台上根本没有光标——演讲者手持遥控器。直接在幻灯片上标注;tooltip仅用于共享链接版本。
  7. 每张幻灯片都要有真实的标题占位符、每个视觉元素的替代文本以及来源行。标题占位符是屏幕阅读器导航演示文稿的方式;文件中的形状顺序就是阅读顺序。
  8. 变换布局,且在制作前确定布局。为故事线中的每张幻灯片分配一个原型:全屏图表、图表+推理、对比图、小多图、KPI行、单个KPI、陈述、表格、图片。切勿连续三张幻灯片使用相同原型;每20张幻灯片至少使用5种不同原型;任何原型占比不超过演示文稿的40%。如果让这条规则让步于第一条规则,就会出现问题:忠实应用“断言式标题+一张图表”会永远生成标题+图表的布局,演示文稿符合所有内容规则,但看起来像机器生成的。断言-证据法约束的是论点,而非布局——变化的是证据形式。如果你正在制作第三张连续的标题+图表幻灯片,请更改证据或合并幻灯片。
  9. 不要根据受众偏好验证设计。三项独立研究发现,受众更喜欢他们学不到东西的设计。测试理解度(“需要做出什么决策?”),而非“这个看起来好看吗?”

Workflow

工作流程

  1. Frame. Audience and their decision; reading condition (above); genre; room and surface (projector / big screen / Zoom share / PDF); time budget; brand input; whether it must land in someone's existing template. Ask when the answer changes the artifact — especially reading condition and output path.
  2. Storyline. Pick the genre outline from
    references/deck-genres.md
    . Write titles only, in order, and read them straight through. If the argument isn't there in the titles alone, fix it now — no amount of layout rescues a broken storyline. Then add an archetype column — one per slide, chosen against rule 8 — and read the archetype sequence as a line. Any run of three identical labels is a bug you fix here, in the outline, where it costs nothing. Retrofitting variation after the slides exist never happens.
  3. Evidence. One chart or number per claim, chosen through
    dreambase-visualization-design
    . Identify the hero chart. Charts that don't prove a title go to the appendix.
  4. System. Tokens once for the whole deck: canvas, grid, type scale, palette, motion.
    references/slide-craft.md
    for the specs,
    references/brand-theming.md
    when brand input exists.
  5. Slides. Lay out against the grid, building each slide as the archetype you assigned it in step 2. If a slide is fighting its archetype, the evidence is wrong for that claim — change the evidence, don't quietly fall back to title-over-chart.
  6. Interaction and builds. Only where they earn it (
    references/interactive.md
    ). Default to zero interaction and one build sequence per slide, five steps maximum.
  7. Build. Choose the output path from
    references/build-paths.md
    — the path follows from what the user has and needs, not from a default.
  8. Gate. Run the pre-ship checklist in
    references/slide-craft.md
    , plus the visualization-design integrity gate on every chart.
  1. 框架搭建。确定受众及其决策需求;阅读场景(如上所述);演示文稿类型;场地和显示设备(投影仪/大屏幕/Zoom共享/PDF);时间预算;品牌输入;是否必须适配现有模板。询问会影响成品的问题——尤其是阅读场景和输出路径。
  2. 故事线构建。从
    references/deck-genres.md
    中选择类型大纲。仅按顺序撰写标题,然后通读。如果仅通过标题无法形成论点,立即修改——再多的布局调整也无法拯救破碎的故事线。 然后添加原型列——每张幻灯片对应一个原型,符合第8条规则——并将原型序列视为一条线。任何连续三个相同标签的情况都是需要在大纲阶段修复的问题,此时修复无需成本。在幻灯片制作完成后再调整布局几乎不可能实现。
  3. 证据准备。每个论点对应一张图表或一个数字,通过
    dreambase-visualization-design
    选择。确定核心图表。无法证明标题的图表移至附录。
  4. 系统设定。为整个演示文稿统一设置参数:画布、网格、字体层级、调色板、动画。
    references/slide-craft.md
    提供规格说明,有品牌输入时参考
    references/brand-theming.md
  5. 幻灯片制作。按照网格布局,根据步骤2中分配的原型制作每张幻灯片。如果幻灯片与原型冲突,说明证据不符合该论点——更改证据,不要悄悄回到标题+图表的布局。
  6. 交互与构建。仅在必要时添加(参考
    references/interactive.md
    )。默认不添加交互,每张幻灯片最多设置5步构建序列。
  7. 成品构建。从
    references/build-paths.md
    中选择输出路径——路径取决于用户的现有资源和需求,而非默认设置。
  8. 审核把关。运行
    references/slide-craft.md
    中的发布前检查表,并对每张图表进行可视化设计完整性审核。

Choosing the output path

选择输出路径

Routed by what the user hands over and how the deck gets used — full decision table and mechanics in
references/build-paths.md
.
SituationPath
Live/interactive charts, you control the surfaceSelf-contained HTML deck (reveal.js + ECharts, inlined, zero network)
Must open in PowerPoint; no corporate templatepptxgenjs with real slide masters and placeholders
Corporate
.potx
or existing deck supplied
pptx-automizer
— author into the actual template
Google Slides requiredSlides API, within its real limits (no native charts, no SVG, no animation)
Static, text-and-image, needs to be tinyMarp (single-file zero-network by default)
Someone else builds itStoryline + slide-by-slide spec + design system
Two constraints that decide more than they look like they should: nothing renders live web content inside a PowerPoint or Google Slides slide (Microsoft retired the Web Viewer add-in in December 2024; Slides has no embed element), and no tool converts HTML/CSS into faithful and editable PPTX. So "interactive inside PowerPoint" is always: static slide carrying the full claim, plus a QR/link to the live version, plus the link in the speaker notes — the interactive version is never the only path to the information.
根据用户提供的内容和演示文稿的使用场景选择——完整决策表和机制在
references/build-paths.md
中。
场景路径
需要实时/交互式图表,且你控制显示设备独立HTML演示文稿(reveal.js + ECharts,内联,无需网络)
必须在PowerPoint中打开;无企业模板使用pptxgenjs,包含真实幻灯片母版和占位符
提供了企业
.potx
或现有演示文稿
pptx-automizer
——直接在实际模板中制作
需要Google Slides格式使用Slides API,在其实际限制内(无原生图表、无SVG、无动画)
静态文本+图片,需要文件体积小Marp(默认单文件,无需网络)
由他人制作故事线+逐页幻灯片规格+设计系统
两个看似不起眼但影响重大的约束:PowerPoint或Google Slides幻灯片内无法渲染实时网页内容(微软于2024年12月停用了Web Viewer插件;Slides没有嵌入元素),没有工具能将HTML/CSS转换为忠实且可编辑的PPTX。因此“PowerPoint内的交互式内容”只能是:包含完整论点的静态幻灯片,加上指向实时版本的二维码/链接,并在演讲者备注中添加链接——交互式版本永远不能是获取信息的唯一途径。

References — read what the task needs

参考资料——按需阅读

  • references/deck-genres.md
    — canonical outlines for board, investor, QBR, readout, launch, sales, all-hands, keynote, and slidedoc, with the metrics each requires and its failure modes. Read first for any new deck.
  • references/slide-craft.md
    — the numeric system: canvas and the pt↔px bridge, safe areas, grid, type scale, contrast, motion, density, presenter ergonomics, the generated-deck tells, and the pre-ship checklist. Read when designing or reviewing slides.
  • references/interactive.md
    — the interactive-slideshow model, staged chart reveals and their ethics, ECharts settings for decks, live-data discipline, presenter/remote mechanics, keyboard and a11y. Read for any deck with builds, interaction, or animation.
  • references/build-paths.md
    — the four build paths with verified mechanics and gotchas: self-contained HTML, pptxgenjs, pptx-automizer, Google Slides API, plus PDF export. Read before building any file.
  • references/brand-theming.md
    — extracting a design system from a design.md, website, PDF guide, .potx, or a lone logo; deriving an accessible palette from one brand color; light/dark pairs; the brand-safe checklist. Read whenever brand input exists.
  • references/presenters.md
    — the verified canon (Alley, Duarte, Reynolds, Knaflic, Minto, Zelazny, Tufte and Doumont's rebuttal, Rosling, Evans, Meeker, Amazon), what the empirical research actually supports, where the authorities genuinely conflict, and the do-not-cite list. Read when justifying a choice or when a stakeholder invokes a name.
  • references/deck-genres.md
    ——董事会、投资者、QBR、报告、发布会、销售、全员大会、主题演讲和slidedoc的标准大纲,包含每种类型所需的指标和常见失败模式。制作任何新演示文稿前先阅读
  • references/slide-craft.md
    ——数值系统:画布和磅↔像素转换、安全区域、网格、字体层级、对比度、动画、密度、演讲者人体工程学、机器生成演示文稿的特征以及发布前检查表。设计或审核幻灯片时阅读。
  • references/interactive.md
    ——交互式幻灯片模型、分阶段图表展示及其伦理规范、演示文稿专用ECharts设置、实时数据规范、演讲者/远程操作机制、键盘操作和可访问性。制作包含构建、交互或动画的演示文稿时阅读。
  • references/build-paths.md
    ——四种经过验证的构建路径及机制和注意事项:独立HTML、pptxgenjs、pptx-automizer、Google Slides API,以及PDF导出。制作任何文件前阅读。
  • references/brand-theming.md
    ——从design.md、网站、PDF指南、.potx或单个logo中提取设计系统;从单一品牌色推导可访问调色板;明暗配色方案;品牌合规检查表。有品牌输入时阅读。
  • references/presenters.md
    ——经过验证的权威资料(Alley、Duarte、Reynolds、Knaflic、Minto、Zelazny、Tufte和Doumont的反驳、Rosling、Evans、Meeker、亚马逊)、实证研究实际支持的内容、权威观点真正冲突的地方以及不推荐引用的列表。需要证明某个选择的合理性或利益相关者引用某个名称时阅读。

Output discipline

输出规范

State the reading condition, genre, and output path up front — they're design decisions the user needs to see, not implementation details. Deliver the design layer even when the output is plain markdown: layout archetype per slide, type and color intent, what's a build step, what's in the notes.
Every chart passes the visualization-design integrity gate. Every deck passes the titles-only read-through and the cold-reader test. Observation, interpretation, and recommendation stay visibly separated — the temptation to blend them is strongest in a room, where nobody can pause to check.
When asked to make the data look better than it is, the honest moves are still available and usually better theatre: a sharper assertion title, a more legible chart, an emphasis build that directs attention to what's genuinely true. Explain the risk of the rest, and deliver what the data supports.
提前说明阅读场景、演示文稿类型和输出路径——这些是用户需要了解的设计决策,而非实现细节。即使输出是纯markdown,也要交付设计层内容:每张幻灯片的布局原型、字体和颜色意图、构建步骤、备注内容。
每张图表都要通过可视化设计完整性审核。每个演示文稿都要通过标题通读测试和冷读者测试。观察、解读和建议要清晰区分——在会议室中,没人能暂停查看,因此最容易将三者混为一谈。
当被要求让数据看起来比实际更好时,诚实的做法仍然可行,且通常效果更好:更精准的断言式标题、更清晰的图表、将注意力引导至真实内容的强调效果。解释其他做法的风险,并交付数据支持的内容。