flutter-setting-up-on-windows

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Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

Setting Up Flutter for Windows Development

为Windows开发搭建Flutter环境

Core Requirements

核心要求

Configure the Windows environment to support both Flutter framework execution and native C/C++ compilation. Differentiate strictly between Visual Studio (required for Windows desktop C++ compilation) and VS Code (the recommended Dart/Flutter code editor).

配置Windows环境以支持Flutter框架运行和原生C/C++编译。严格区分Visual Studio（Windows桌面C++编译必需）和VS Code（推荐的Dart/Flutter代码编辑器）。

Workflow: Installing and Configuring the SDK

流程：安装和配置SDK

Follow this sequential workflow to initialize the Flutter SDK on a Windows machine.

Download the latest stable Flutter SDK for Windows.
Extract the SDK to a directory with standard user privileges (e.g.,
```
C:\src\flutter
```
). Do not install in protected directories like
```
C:\Program Files\
```
.
Copy the absolute path to the Flutter SDK's
```
bin
```
directory.
Open Windows Environment Variables settings and append the
```
bin
```
directory path to the system or user
```
PATH
```
variable.
Open a new terminal session to apply the
```
PATH
```
changes.
Feedback Loop: Run validator -> review errors -> fix.
1. Execute
```
flutter doctor -v
```
  .
2. Review the output for missing dependencies or path issues.
3. Resolve any flagged errors before proceeding to tooling setup.

按照以下顺序流程在Windows机器上初始化Flutter SDK。

下载适用于Windows的最新稳定版Flutter SDK。
将SDK解压到具有标准用户权限的目录（例如
```
C:\src\flutter
```
）。不要安装在受保护目录如
```
C:\Program Files\
```
中。
复制Flutter SDK的
```
bin
```
目录的绝对路径。
打开Windows环境变量设置，将
```
bin
```
目录路径添加到系统或用户
```
PATH
```
变量中。
打开新的终端会话以应用
```
PATH
```
更改。
反馈循环： 运行验证工具 -> 查看错误 -> 修复问题。
1. 执行
```
flutter doctor -v
```
  。
2. 查看输出中的缺失依赖项或路径问题。
3. 在进行工具配置前解决所有标记的错误。

Workflow: Configuring Tooling and IDEs

流程：配置工具与IDE

Install Visual Studio (not VS Code).
Select and install the Desktop development with C++ workload during the Visual Studio installation process. This is mandatory for compiling Windows desktop applications.
Install your preferred code editor (VS Code, Android Studio, or IntelliJ).
Install the official Flutter and Dart extensions/plugins within your chosen editor.

安装Visual Studio（不是VS Code）。
在Visual Studio安装过程中选择并安装使用C++的桌面开发工作负载。这是编译Windows桌面应用的必需项。
安装你偏好的代码编辑器（VS Code、Android Studio或IntelliJ）。
在所选编辑器中安装官方的Flutter和Dart扩展/插件。

Workflow: Configuring Target Platforms

流程：配置目标平台

Apply conditional logic based on the specific platform you are targeting for development.

If targeting Windows Desktop:

Ensure the Visual Studio C++ workload is fully updated.
Restart your IDE so it detects the Windows desktop device.

To disable platforms you do not intend to compile for, execute

flutter config --no-enable-<platform>

(e.g.,

flutter config --no-enable-windows-desktop

If targeting Android on Windows:

For physical devices: Enable Developer Options and USB debugging on the device. Install the specific OEM USB drivers for Windows.
For emulators: Open the Android Virtual Device (AVD) manager. Under "Emulated Performance" -> "Graphics acceleration", select an option specifying "Hardware" to enable hardware acceleration.
Verify the device connection by running
```
flutter devices
```
.

根据你要开发的特定平台应用条件逻辑。

如果目标是Windows桌面：

确保Visual Studio C++工作负载已完全更新。
重启IDE以使其检测到Windows桌面设备。

要禁用你不打算编译的平台，执行

flutter config --no-enable-<platform>

（例如

flutter config --no-enable-windows-desktop

）。

如果目标是Windows上的Android：

对于物理设备： 在设备上启用开发者选项和USB调试。为Windows安装特定的OEM USB驱动。
对于模拟器： 打开Android虚拟设备（AVD）管理器。在"模拟性能"->"图形加速"下，选择指定"硬件"的选项以启用硬件加速。
通过运行
```
flutter devices
```
验证设备连接。

Workflow: Building and Packaging for Windows

流程：为Windows构建和打包

To distribute a Windows desktop application, assemble the compiled executable and its required dependencies into a single distributable archive.

Execute
```
flutter build windows
```
to compile the release build.
Navigate to
```
build\windows\runner\Release\
```
.
Create a new staging directory for the distribution zip.
Copy the following assets from the
```
Release
```
directory into the staging directory:
- The application executable (
```
.exe
```
  ).
- All generated
```
.dll
```
  files.
- The entire
```
data
```
  directory.
Copy the required Visual C++ redistributables into the staging directory alongside the executable:
- ```
msvcp140.dll
```
- ```
vcruntime140.dll
```
- ```
vcruntime140_1.dll
```
Compress the staging directory into a
```
.zip
```
file for distribution.

要分发Windows桌面应用，需将编译后的可执行文件及其所需依赖项组装成单个可分发压缩包。

执行
```
flutter build windows
```
以编译发布版本。
导航到
```
build\windows\runner\Release\
```
目录。
为分发压缩包创建一个新的临时目录。
将
```
Release
```
目录中的以下资源复制到临时目录：
- 应用可执行文件（
```
.exe
```
  ）。
- 所有生成的
```
.dll
```
  文件。
- 整个
```
data
```
  目录。
将所需的Visual C++可再发行组件复制到临时目录中与可执行文件同级的位置：
- ```
msvcp140.dll
```
- ```
vcruntime140.dll
```
- ```
vcruntime140_1.dll
```
将临时目录压缩为
```
.zip
```
文件以便分发。

Workflow: Generating and Installing Certificates

流程：生成和安装证书

If you require a self-signed certificate for MSIX packaging or local testing, use OpenSSL.

Install OpenSSL and add its
```
bin
```
directory to your
```
PATH
```
environment variable.
Generate a private key:
```
openssl genrsa -out mykeyname.key 2048
```

Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR):

openssl req -new -key mykeyname.key -out mycsrname.csr

Generate the signed certificate (CRT):

openssl x509 -in mycsrname.csr -out mycrtname.crt -req -signkey mykeyname.key -days 10000

Generate the

.pfx

file:

openssl pkcs12 -export -out CERTIFICATE.pfx -inkey mykeyname.key -in mycrtname.crt

Install the
```
.pfx
```
certificate on the local Windows machine. Place it in the Certificate Store under Trusted Root Certification Authorities prior to installing the application.

如果需要用于MSIX打包或本地测试的自签名证书，请使用OpenSSL。

安装OpenSSL并将其
```
bin
```
目录添加到你的
```
PATH
```
环境变量中。
生成私钥：
```
openssl genrsa -out mykeyname.key 2048
```

生成证书签名请求（CSR）：

openssl req -new -key mykeyname.key -out mycsrname.csr

生成已签名证书（CRT）：

openssl x509 -in mycsrname.csr -out mycrtname.crt -req -signkey mykeyname.key -days 10000

生成

.pfx

文件：

openssl pkcs12 -export -out CERTIFICATE.pfx -inkey mykeyname.key -in mycrtname.crt

在本地Windows机器上安装
```
.pfx
```
证书。在安装应用前，将其放置在受信任的根证书颁发机构下的证书存储中。

Examples

示例

Windows Distribution Directory Structure

Windows分发目录结构

When assembling your Windows build for distribution, ensure the directory structure strictly matches the following layout before zipping:

text

Release_Archive/
│   my_flutter_app.exe
│   flutter_windows.dll
│   msvcp140.dll
│   vcruntime140.dll
│   vcruntime140_1.dll
│
└───data/
    │   app.so
    │   icudtl.dat
    │   ...

在组装Windows构建版本以进行分发时，确保在压缩前目录结构严格匹配以下布局：