roguelike

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Chinese

Roguelike

Roguelike游戏开发手册

A playbook for roguelikes — the turn engine, procedural dungeons, field-of-view, permadeath, and run economy. This is a compositional skill: it orchestrates procedural generation, tilemaps, save handling, and AI into a run-based game. It does not re-teach noise/RNG or tilemap APIs; it defines the loop and the systems that make a run compelling.

这是一份Roguelike游戏开发手册——涵盖回合制引擎、程序化地牢、视野机制、永久死亡以及局内经济系统。这是一项组合式技能：它将程序化生成、瓦片地图、存档处理以及AI整合为一款以单次游戏进程（run）为核心的游戏。本手册不会重复讲解噪声算法/RNG（随机数生成）或瓦片地图API；它专注于定义让单次游戏进程充满吸引力的循环机制与核心系统。

When to use

适用场景

Use when building a turn-based, grid-based dungeon crawler where each death ends the run and the world is regenerated — a roguelike or "roguelite" (with meta-progression).
Use when designing procedural dungeons, FOV/fog-of-war, permadeath stakes, or loot tables.

When not to use: real-time action with roguelike dressing → build the action genre (

platformer

fps-shooter

) and layer

procedural-gen

. Deep stats/quests/dialogue without permadeath →

rpg

. Open-world needs/crafting →

survival-crafting

适用于开发回合制、网格类地牢爬行游戏，这类游戏中玩家死亡即结束当前进程，世界会重新生成——即Roguelike或"Roguelite"（带有元进度机制）游戏。
适用于设计程序化地牢、视野/战争迷雾、永久死亡机制或战利品表时。

不适用场景：带有Roguelike元素的实时动作游戏 → 应先构建动作类游戏（如

platformer

fps-shooter

），再叠加

procedural-gen

（程序化生成）机制。无永久死亡的深度数值/任务/对话类游戏 → 属于

rpg

（角色扮演游戏）范畴。开放世界需求/ crafting（制作）系统 → 属于

survival-crafting

（生存制作）范畴。

What makes it a roguelike (design anchor)

何为Roguelike（设计锚点）

The community reference is the Berlin Interpretation (RogueBasin, IRDC 2008): a set of "roguelikeness" factors, not a checklist. The high-value ones are the design targets: random environment generation, permadeath, turn-based, grid-based, non-modal (all actions in one mode), complexity (many item/monster interactions), resource management, hack-and-slash, and exploration & discovery. Lean into these to feel roguelike; pick which to keep deliberately. "Roguelite" usually relaxes permadeath with meta-progression.

社区参考标准是Berlin Interpretation（柏林诠释，RogueBasin，IRDC 2008）：这是一套衡量"Roguelike属性"的指标，而非严格的清单。其中高价值的核心设计目标包括：随机环境生成、永久死亡、回合制、网格类、非模态（所有操作在同一模式下完成）、复杂度（大量物品/怪物交互）、资源管理、砍杀探索以及探索与发现。紧扣这些要素才能打造出纯正的Roguelike体验；可根据需求有选择地保留。"Roguelite"通常会通过元进度机制放宽永久死亡的限制。

Core loop

核心循环

Take a turn (move / fight / use) → the world resolves its turn → see new state → descend / loot / survive → die and restart with a fresh dungeon. Replayability comes from the world changing each run, not the player memorizing a fixed layout.

玩家行动（移动/战斗/使用道具）→ 世界结算回合 → 查看新状态 → 深入地牢/收集战利品/存活 → 死亡后重启并生成全新地牢。 游戏的重玩价值来源于每次进程中世界的变化，而非玩家记忆固定的关卡布局。

Must-have systems

必备系统

Turn scheduler — energy/initiative system so fast actors act more often (Pattern 2).
Grid map + movement — tile coordinates; bump-to-attack; blocked/walkable queries.
Procedural dungeon generator — rooms + corridors, or BSP/cellular; guarantee connectivity.
Field of view + explored memory — what's visible now vs. seen-before (Pattern 3 / refs).
Combat + entities — HP, attack/defense, status; monsters obey the same rules as the player.
Loot + drop tables — weighted, depth-scaled item/monster spawning (refs).
Permadeath + (optional) meta-progression — wipe the run; persist only unlocks/score.
Message log + clear UI — the player reasons from text/state; surface numbers and events.

回合调度器 —— 能量/ initiative（行动顺位）系统，让速度更快的角色更频繁地行动（模式2）。
网格地图 + 移动系统 —— 瓦片坐标；碰撞攻击；可通行/不可通行检测。
程序化地牢生成器 —— 房间+走廊结构，或BSP（二叉空间分割）/细胞自动算法；确保所有区域连通。
视野 + 探索记忆系统 —— 当前可见区域与已探索区域的区分（模式3/参考资料）。
战斗 + 实体系统 —— HP、攻击/防御、状态效果；怪物与玩家遵循相同规则。
战利品 + 掉落表 —— 带权重、随地牢深度缩放的物品/怪物生成机制（参考资料）。
永久死亡 +（可选）元进度机制 —— 清除当前进程数据；仅保留解锁内容/得分。
消息日志 + 清晰UI —— 玩家通过文本/状态信息进行决策；直观展示数值与事件。

Design knobs

设计调节项

Knob	Effect	Notes
Dungeon size / room count	run length, density	Scale with depth.
Connectivity guarantee	no unreachable rooms	Always verify reachability after generation.
Monster density / depth curve	difficulty ramp	Spawn by depth-weighted table.
Loot rarity weights	power variance	Rarer = bigger swing; identify adds discovery.
FOV radius / lighting	tension, information	Smaller radius = scarier, slower.
Resource scarcity (food/HP/ammo)	pressure to descend	Core tension lever in classic RLs.
Permadeath vs meta-progression	run stakes vs. retention	Roguelite softens the wall.
Identification / unknowns	exploration value	Unidentified items reward experimentation.
Seedable RNG	daily runs, debugging	Always allow a fixed seed (see `procedural-gen` ).

调节项	效果	说明
地牢大小 / 房间数量	进程时长、怪物密度	随地牢深度缩放。
连通性保障	避免出现玩家无法到达的房间	生成后务必验证所有可通行区域的可达性。
怪物密度 / 深度曲线	难度梯度	按深度加权表生成怪物。
战利品稀有度权重	强度差异	稀有度越高，强度波动越大；物品鉴定机制可提升探索乐趣。
视野半径 / 光照效果	紧张感、信息获取	半径越小，游戏越惊险、节奏越慢。
资源稀缺性（食物/HP/弹药）	推进地牢的压力	经典Roguelike游戏的核心紧张感来源。
永久死亡 vs 元进度机制	进程风险 vs 玩家留存	Roguelite通过元进度降低玩家的挫败感。
物品鉴定 / 未知物品	探索价值	未鉴定物品鼓励玩家尝试。
可种子化RNG	每日挑战、调试	务必支持固定种子（参见 `procedural-gen` ）。

Patterns

设计模式

1. Deterministic, seedable run RNG

1. 确定性、可种子化的进程RNG

python

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python

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Pseudocode. One seeded RNG per run makes dungeons reproducible (daily runs, bug repro).

run_seed = chosen_seed or random_seed() rng = Rng(run_seed) # use your engine's seedable RNG, not global random dungeon = generate_dungeon(rng, depth) # same seed + depth => same dungeon

Persist run_seed in the save so a crash can resume the same world (see save-systems).

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2. Energy-based turn scheduler (speeds differ)

2. 基于能量的回合调度器（角色速度不同）

python

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python

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Pseudocode. Each actor gains energy each tick and acts when it has enough.

Faster actors gain more per tick, so they act more often — no fixed "player then enemies".

TURN_COST = 100 def next_actor(actors): while True: for a in actors: # stable order avoids ties favoring one side a.energy += a.speed # e.g. speed 100 = normal, 150 = hasted if a.energy >= TURN_COST: a.energy -= TURN_COST return a # this actor takes exactly one action now

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3. Field of view + explored memory

3. 视野 + 探索记忆

python

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python

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Pseudocode. Recompute visibility from the player each time they move.

visible = compute_fov(map, player.pos, radius=8) # symmetric shadowcasting (see refs) for cell in visible: explored.add(cell) # remember it forever (dim "fog of war")

Render: visible -> lit; explored-but-not-visible -> dim; never-seen -> hidden.


Use a proven FOV algorithm (recursive shadowcasting or symmetric shadowcasting). Do not
roll a naive raycast-per-cell — it produces asymmetric, "blinking" vision. See refs.


请使用成熟的FOV算法（递归阴影投射或对称阴影投射）。不要采用简单的逐单元格射线投射——这会产生不对称的"闪烁"视野。详见参考资料。

Pitfalls / failure modes

常见陷阱/失败模式

Disconnected dungeons → rooms the player can't reach. Always run a connectivity/flood-fill pass and carve corridors until every walkable cell is reachable.
Naive FOV → vision that flickers or is asymmetric (you see them, they don't see you). Use shadowcasting; test symmetry.
Real-time loop pretending to be turn-based → input races and double-moves. Resolve one discrete turn at a time; queue input.
Flat difficulty → no descent pressure. Scale monsters/loot by depth and keep resources scarce.
Permadeath that wipes meta-unlocks → frustration. Separate run state (wiped) from profile state (unlocks, scores) when saving (see
```
save-systems
```
).
Save-scumming a "permadeath" game → delete or invalidate the run save on load if you want true permadeath; keep only the profile.
Unreadable state → the player can't plan. Show HP, turn results, and a message log.

不连通的地牢 → 出现玩家无法到达的房间。生成后务必运行连通性/ flood-fill（洪水填充）检测，直到所有可通行单元格都可达才停止开凿走廊。
简陋的FOV实现 → 视野闪烁或不对称（你能看到敌人，但敌人看不到你）。请使用阴影投射算法；测试对称性。
伪装成回合制的实时循环 → 输入冲突与重复移动。每次只处理一个离散回合；对输入进行排队。
扁平化难度 → 没有推进地牢的压力。随地牢深度缩放怪物/战利品强度，并保持资源稀缺。
永久死亡清除元解锁内容 → 引发玩家挫败感。存档时需区分进程状态（清除）与档案状态（解锁内容、得分）（参见
```
save-systems
```
）。
"永久死亡"游戏中的存档刷分 → 如果想要真正的永久死亡机制，加载时删除或作废进程存档；仅保留档案数据。
状态信息不清晰 → 玩家无法制定策略。展示HP、回合结果以及消息日志。

Composition (build it from these skills)

组合构建（基于以下技能）

Generation:
```
procedural-gen
```
(noise, seeded RNG, dungeon/room algorithms) — the engine of replayability.
Map rendering:
```
godot-tilemap
```
/
```
unity-tilemap-2d
```
for the grid;
```
level-design
```
for set-piece rooms/vaults.
Enemies:
```
game-ai
```
for monster decision-making (often simple on a grid: seek/flee/patrol).
Persistence:
```
save-systems
```
for run-resume, profile/meta-progression, and true permadeath wipes.
Scripting/data:
```
godot-resources
```
/
```
unity-scriptableobjects
```
to define items, monsters, and drop tables as data.
UI:
```
godot-ui-control
```
for the message log, inventory, and HUD.
Feel:
```
game-feel
```
for hit/death juice — screen shake and hit-stop that sell impacts on a turn-based grid.

生成系统：
```
procedural-gen
```
（噪声、可种子化RNG、地牢/房间算法）—— 重玩价值的核心引擎。
地图渲染：
```
godot-tilemap
```
/
```
unity-tilemap-2d
```
用于网格地图；
```
level-design
```
用于固定场景房间/保险库。
敌人系统：
```
game-ai
```
用于怪物决策（网格上通常很简单：追击/逃跑/巡逻）。
持久化：
```
save-systems
```
用于进程恢复、档案/元进度以及真正的永久死亡清除机制。
脚本/数据：
```
godot-resources
```
/
```
unity-scriptableobjects
```
用于将物品、怪物以及掉落表定义为数据。
UI：
```
godot-ui-control
```
用于消息日志、背包以及HUD。
游戏手感：
```
game-feel
```
用于命中/死亡反馈——回合制网格上的屏幕震动与 Hit-stop（帧停顿）能强化打击感。

References

参考资料

For dungeon-generation algorithms (rooms-and-corridors, BSP, cellular automata, connectivity), FOV (shadowcasting), and weighted loot/spawn tables, read
```
references/generation-fov-loot.md
```
.

关于地牢生成算法（房间+走廊、BSP、细胞自动机、连通性）、FOV（阴影投射）以及加权战利品/生成表，请阅读
```
references/generation-fov-loot.md
```
。