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Medical Research

医学研究

Purpose

用途

This Skill retrieves scientific papers from PubMed and creates accessible, plain-language summaries of current research on any biomedical or life sciences topic. It bridges the gap between complex scientific literature and general understanding.
本Skill可从PubMed检索科研论文，针对任何生物医学或生命科学主题的最新研究生成通俗易懂、便于理解的摘要，弥合复杂科研文献和大众认知之间的鸿沟。

When to Use This Skill

何时使用本Skill

Automatically activate when users:
  • Ask about scientific research on medical topics (e.g., "What's the latest on Alzheimer's treatment?")
  • Want to understand current studies on diseases or conditions
  • Request information about clinical trials or treatment approaches
  • Mention specific research areas (immunotherapy, gene therapy, drug development)
  • Ask questions like "summarize research on..." or "what does research say about..."
  • Need to understand scientific consensus on health topics
当用户出现以下行为时自动激活：
  • 询问医学主题相关的科研内容（例如：“阿尔茨海默病治疗的最新进展是什么？”）
  • 想要了解疾病或健康状况的最新研究
  • 索要临床试验或治疗方案的相关信息
  • 提及特定研究领域（免疫治疗、基因治疗、药物研发）
  • 提出“总结关于…的研究”或“关于…的研究有什么结论”这类问题
  • 需要了解健康主题的科研共识

Instructions

使用说明

When generating a research summary, follow these steps:
生成研究摘要时，请遵循以下步骤：

1. Identify the Research Query

1. 识别研究查询

  • Accept natural language queries (e.g., "immunotherapy for breast cancer")
  • Clarify if the topic is too broad (e.g., "cancer" → suggest narrowing to specific type)
  • Verify spelling of medical terms
  • If ambiguous, ask for clarification before proceeding
  • 接受自然语言查询（例如：“immunotherapy for breast cancer”）
  • 如果主题过于宽泛请引导用户缩小范围（例如：“癌症”→ 建议用户明确具体癌症类型）
  • 核实医学术语的拼写
  • 如果查询存在歧义，先向用户确认再继续处理

2. Retrieve Scientific Papers

2. 检索科研论文

Use the skill's built-in 
pubmed_search.py
script located in 
.claude/skills/medical-research/
:
bash
python3 .claude/skills/medical-research/pubmed_search.py "your search query"
  • Default retrieves 10 most recent papers
  • For comprehensive summaries, consider increasing 
    max_results
    in the script
  • Capture paper details: titles, authors, abstracts, PMIDs, publication dates
使用Skill内置的
pubmed_search.py
脚本，路径为
.claude/skills/medical-research/
：
bash
python3 .claude/skills/medical-research/pubmed_search.py "your search query"
  • 默认检索最新的10篇论文
  • 如果需要生成全面的摘要，可以考虑调整脚本中的
    max_results
    参数
  • 采集论文详情：标题、作者、摘要、PMID、发表日期

3. Analyze and Synthesize Findings

3. 分析与整合研究结果

Review the retrieved papers and identify:
  1. Main Research Themes
    • What are the major topics being studied?
    • What questions are researchers trying to answer?
    • What approaches or methods are common?
  2. Key Findings
    • What are the main discoveries or results?
    • What treatments or interventions show promise?
    • What mechanisms are being investigated?
  3. Clinical Implications
    • How might this research affect patient care?
    • What are practical applications?
    • What changes to treatment guidelines might result?
  4. Challenges and Limitations
    • What problems remain unsolved?
    • What resistance mechanisms exist?
    • What gaps in knowledge persist?
  5. Emerging Directions
    • What new approaches are being developed?
    • What future research is needed?
    • What technologies are being applied?
审阅检索到的论文，梳理以下内容：
  1. 核心研究主题
    • 研究的主要方向是什么？
    • 研究人员试图解决什么问题？
    • 常用的研究方法或路径有哪些？
  2. 关键发现
    • 核心的研究成果或结论是什么？
    • 哪些治疗手段或干预措施显示出应用前景？
    • 目前研究的作用机制是什么？
  3. 临床意义
    • 这项研究对患者护理可能产生什么影响？
    • 有哪些实际应用场景？
    • 可能会带来哪些治疗指南的调整？
  4. 挑战与局限性
    • 还有哪些尚未解决的问题？
    • 存在哪些耐药/抗性机制？
    • 还有哪些知识空白？
  5. 新兴发展方向
    • 正在开发哪些新的研究方法？
    • 未来还需要开展哪些研究？
    • 正在应用哪些新技术？

4. Write Plain-Language Summary

4. 撰写通俗易懂的摘要

Structure the summary for general audience understanding:
markdown
undefined
按照普通受众的理解能力组织摘要结构：
markdown
undefined

Research Summary: [Topic]

研究摘要：[主题]

Search Query: [exact query used] Papers Found: [total count] Papers Reviewed: [number analyzed] Date: [YYYY-MM-DD]
搜索查询： [使用的精确查询词] 找到论文数： [总数] 已分析论文数： [分析的数量] 日期： [YYYY-MM-DD]

Overview

概述

[2-3 paragraphs explaining what this research area is about and why it matters. Use simple language, define medical terms, provide context for non-experts.]
[用2-3个段落说明该研究领域的内容和研究意义，使用简单语言，定义医学术语，为非专业用户提供背景信息。]

Key Research Themes

核心研究主题

Theme 1: [Name]

主题1：[名称]

[Description in plain language]
  • Key finding 1
  • Key finding 2
  • Why it matters
[用通俗易懂的语言描述主题内容]
  • 关键发现1
  • 关键发现2
  • 研究意义

Theme 2: [Name]

主题2：[名称]

[Description in plain language]
  • Key finding 1
  • Key finding 2
  • Why it matters
[Continue for major themes...]
[用通俗易懂的语言描述主题内容]
  • 关键发现1
  • 关键发现2
  • 研究意义
[其他核心主题以此类推...]

What This Means for Patients/Treatment

对患者/治疗的意义

[Plain language explanation of clinical significance]
  • Practical implication 1
  • Practical implication 2
  • Timeline for real-world impact (if applicable)
[用通俗语言解释临床价值]
  • 实际应用价值1
  • 实际应用价值2
  • 落地应用的时间线（如有）

Challenges and Open Questions

挑战与待解决问题

[What problems remain, explained simply]
  • Challenge 1
  • Challenge 2
  • What researchers are working on next
[用简单语言说明仍存在的问题]
  • 挑战1
  • 挑战2
  • 研究人员下一步的研究方向

Key Terminology

核心术语解释

[Define 3-5 important terms used in the research]
  • Term 1: Plain language definition
  • Term 2: Plain language definition
[定义3-5个研究中用到的重要术语]
  • 术语1：通俗定义
  • 术语2：通俗定义

Selected Recent Papers

精选近期论文

[List 3-5 most significant papers with brief descriptions]
  1. [Paper Title] (PMID: [number], [Year])
    • Authors: [First 3 et al.]
    • Key contribution: [1-2 sentences]
    • [PubMed URL]
[列出3-5篇最具代表性的论文并附上简短说明]
  1. [论文标题]（PMID：[编号]，[年份]）
    • 作者：[前3位作者 等.]
    • 核心贡献：[1-2句话说明]
    • [PubMed链接]

Summary

总结

[2-3 paragraphs pulling it all together, highlighting the current state of research and future directions]
This summary is based on scientific literature available in PubMed and is intended for educational purposes. It does not constitute medical advice.
undefined
[用2-3个段落整合所有内容，说明当前研究现状和未来发展方向]
本摘要基于PubMed收录的科研文献生成，仅用于教育目的，不构成医疗建议。
undefined

5. Save the Summary

5. 保存摘要

  • Automatically save as markdown file
  • Use filename format: 
    Research_Summary_{Topic}_{YYYY-MM-DD}.md
  • Replace spaces in topic with underscores
  • Place in current working directory
  • Confirm file location to user
  • 自动保存为markdown文件
  • 文件名格式：
    Research_Summary_{主题}_{YYYY-MM-DD}.md
  • 主题中的空格替换为下划线
  • 保存到当前工作目录
  • 向用户确认文件保存位置

Quality Guidelines

质量指南

Content Standards

内容标准

  • Accessibility: Write at a 10th-grade reading level
  • Accuracy: Faithfully represent research findings; don't oversimplify to the point of distortion
  • Balance: Include both promising developments and challenges
  • Currency: Focus on papers from the last 1-2 years when possible
  • Context: Explain why research matters and how it fits into bigger picture
  • Clarity: Define medical/scientific terms; use analogies when helpful
  • 易懂性：写作难度保持在10年级阅读水平
  • 准确性：如实呈现研究结论，不要过度简化导致内容失真
  • 平衡性：同时提及有前景的研究进展和现存挑战
  • 时效性：尽可能聚焦近1-2年发表的论文
  • 背景信息：说明研究的意义以及在整个领域中的定位
  • 清晰性：定义医学/科学术语，必要时使用类比帮助理解

Language Guidelines

语言准则

Do:
  • Use active voice ("Researchers found..." not "It was found...")
  • Define abbreviations on first use (e.g., "TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer)")
  • Use concrete examples
  • Explain mechanisms in simple terms
  • Provide context for numbers and statistics
  • Use analogies to explain complex concepts
Don't:
  • Use jargon without explanation
  • Oversimplify to the point of inaccuracy
  • Make claims stronger than the research supports
  • Provide medical advice
  • Use passive voice excessively
  • Assume prior knowledge of biology/medicine
应当：
  • 使用主动语态（“研究人员发现…”而非“经研究发现…”）
  • 首次出现缩写时给出全称（例如：“TNBC（三阴性乳腺癌）”）
  • 使用具体示例
  • 用简单语言解释作用机制
  • 为数字和统计数据提供背景信息
  • 使用类比解释复杂概念
不应当：
  • 不加解释就使用专业术语
  • 过度简化导致内容失实
  • 提出超出研究支撑的结论
  • 提供医疗建议
  • 过度使用被动语态
  • 假设用户具备生物学/医学相关知识

Credibility Standards

可信度标准

  • Objectivity: Present findings without bias
  • Accuracy: Cite specific PMIDs and paper details
  • Transparency: Note when information is limited or preliminary
  • Disclaimers: Always include educational/non-medical-advice disclaimer
  • Dates: Include publication years to show currency
  • 客观性：无偏见地呈现研究结论
  • 准确性：引用具体的PMID和论文详情
  • 透明性：明确说明信息有限或处于初步研究阶段的情况
  • 免责声明：始终包含教育用途/非医疗建议的免责声明
  • 日期：标注发表年份体现内容时效性

Examples

示例

Example 1: Treatment Research

示例1：治疗研究

User request: 
Summarize research on immunotherapy for melanoma
Expected behavior:
  1. Run: 
    python3 .claude/skills/medical-research/pubmed_search.py "immunotherapy melanoma"
  2. Analyze ~10 recent papers
  3. Identify themes: resistance mechanisms, combination therapies, biomarkers
  4. Write plain-language summary explaining immune checkpoint inhibitors, how they work, current challenges
  5. Save as 
    Research_Summary_Immunotherapy_Melanoma_2025-12-13.md
用户请求：
Summarize research on immunotherapy for melanoma
预期执行逻辑：
  1. 运行：
    python3 .claude/skills/medical-research/pubmed_search.py "immunotherapy melanoma"
  2. 分析约10篇近期论文
  3. 梳理研究主题：耐药机制、联合治疗、生物标志物
  4. 撰写通俗易懂的摘要，解释免疫检查点抑制剂的作用原理、当前挑战
  5. 保存为
    Research_Summary_Immunotherapy_Melanoma_2025-12-13.md

Example 2: Disease Mechanism

示例2：疾病机制

User request: 
What does research say about Alzheimer's disease causes?
Expected behavior:
  1. Activate Skill automatically
  2. Run: 
    python3 .claude/skills/medical-research/pubmed_search.py "Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis"
  3. Synthesize findings on amyloid, tau, inflammation, genetic factors
  4. Explain competing theories in accessible language
  5. Highlight controversies and ongoing debates
  6. Save comprehensive summary
用户请求：
What does research say about Alzheimer's disease causes?
预期执行逻辑：
  1. 自动激活本Skill
  2. 运行：
    python3 .claude/skills/medical-research/pubmed_search.py "Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis"
  3. 整合关于β淀粉样蛋白、tau蛋白、炎症、遗传因素的研究结论
  4. 用通俗易懂的语言解释不同的研究理论
  5. 说明研究争议和正在进行的讨论
  6. 保存完整的摘要

Example 3: Emerging Technology

示例3：新兴技术

User request: 
Tell me about CRISPR gene therapy research
Expected behavior:
  1. Run: 
    python3 .claude/skills/medical-research/pubmed_search.py "CRISPR gene therapy clinical trials"
  2. Focus on clinical applications, safety, efficacy
  3. Explain CRISPR technology simply (e.g., "molecular scissors that can edit DNA")
  4. Include specific examples of diseases being treated
  5. Address ethical considerations if prominent in literature
  6. Save summary with examples
用户请求：
Tell me about CRISPR gene therapy research
预期执行逻辑：
  1. 运行：
    python3 .claude/skills/medical-research/pubmed_search.py "CRISPR gene therapy clinical trials"
  2. 聚焦临床应用、安全性、有效性相关内容
  3. 用简单语言解释CRISPR技术（例如：“可以编辑DNA的分子剪刀”）
  4. 列举正在应用该技术治疗的具体疾病示例
  5. 如果文献中重点提及伦理问题也需要纳入内容
  6. 保存附带示例的摘要

Best Practices

最佳实践

Do's

推荐做法

✓ Start with broad overview before diving into details ✓ Use subheadings to break up long sections ✓ Include "Key Terminology" section for important terms ✓ Provide specific examples from papers ✓ Explain statistical significance in plain language ✓ Note when findings are preliminary or need replication ✓ Connect research to real-world impact
✓ 先介绍整体概况再展开细节 ✓ 使用子标题拆分长段落 ✓ 加入“核心术语解释”模块说明重要术语 ✓ 提供论文中的具体示例 ✓ 用通俗语言解释统计学意义 ✓ 明确说明研究结论处于初步阶段或需要重复验证 ✓ 关联研究内容和实际落地价值

Don'ts

禁止做法

✗ Don't recommend specific treatments or medications ✗ Don't use unexplained acronyms (EGFR, VEGF, etc.) ✗ Don't ignore negative findings or failures ✗ Don't exaggerate promises ("cure for cancer") ✗ Don't skip the educational disclaimer ✗ Don't assume readers have science background ✗ Don't make summary too technical
✗ 不要推荐具体的治疗方案或药物 ✗ 不要使用未解释的缩写（EGFR、VEGF等） ✗ 不要忽略负面研究结果或失败的研究 ✗ 不要夸大研究价值（比如“治愈癌症”这类表述） ✗ 不要遗漏教育用途免责声明 ✗ 不要假设读者具备科学背景 ✗ 不要把摘要写得过于专业晦涩

Handling Edge Cases

边缘情况处理

Few or No Papers Found

检索到的论文极少或无结果

If PubMed returns few results:
The search for "[query]" returned only [N] papers. This may indicate:
1. Very new or emerging research area
2. Query may need refinement
3. Limited research on this specific topic

Would you like me to:
- Try a broader search term?
- Search for related concepts?
- Proceed with available papers?
如果PubMed返回的结果很少：
针对“[查询词]”的搜索仅返回了[N]篇论文，可能的原因包括：
1. 该领域属于非常新的新兴研究方向
2. 查询词可能需要优化
3. 该特定主题的相关研究有限

你希望我：
- 尝试使用更宽泛的搜索词？
- 搜索相关概念？
- 基于现有论文继续生成摘要？

Highly Technical Results

研究结果专业性极强

If papers are extremely technical:
Note: This is a highly specialized research area. I've translated
the technical findings into accessible language, but some complexity
is unavoidable. Key terms are defined in the "Key Terminology" section.
如果论文的专业度非常高：
请注意：该研究领域专业性极强，我已将专业研究结论转化为通俗易懂的语言，但仍不可避免保留部分复杂内容，核心术语已在“核心术语解释”模块中定义。

Controversial Topics

研究主题存在争议

For topics with conflicting research:
undefined
针对研究结论存在冲突的主题：
undefined

Research Perspectives

研究观点

Current research shows differing viewpoints:
Perspective 1: [Explanation with supporting papers] Perspective 2: [Alternative view with supporting papers]
The scientific community is actively investigating these questions, and consensus may emerge as more evidence accumulates.
undefined
当前研究存在不同的观点：
观点1：[解释内容并附上支撑的相关论文] 观点2：[另一种观点的解释并附上支撑的相关论文]
科研界正在积极研究这些问题，随着更多证据积累可能会形成共识。
undefined

Outdated Research

研究内容过时

If most papers are older than 2 years:
Note: The most recent papers in this search are from [year]. This
may indicate:
- Established research area with stable findings
- Reduced current research activity
- Search terms may benefit from updating

The summary focuses on foundational findings that remain current.
如果大部分论文的发表时间早于2年：
请注意：本次搜索到的最新论文发表于[年份]，可能的原因包括：
- 该研究领域已经比较成熟，结论稳定
- 目前该领域的研究活跃度较低
- 搜索词可能需要更新

本次摘要将聚焦仍然有效的基础研究结论。

Technical Requirements

技术要求

Tools to Use

使用工具

  • Bash: Run the 
    pubmed_search.py
    script
  • Read: Optionally read papers or abstracts if more detail needed
  • Write: Save the completed summary to markdown file
  • WebFetch (optional): Retrieve full papers from PubMed if abstracts insufficient
  • Bash：运行
    pubmed_search.py
    脚本
  • Read：如果需要更多详情可以读取论文或摘要内容
  • Write：将生成的完整摘要保存为markdown文件
  • WebFetch（可选）：如果摘要内容不足，可以从PubMed获取完整论文

Search Strategy

搜索策略

  1. Start specific: Use precise medical terms
  2. Iterate if needed: Broaden or narrow based on results
  3. Check paper count: Aim for 10-20 papers for comprehensive summary
  4. Verify relevance: Ensure retrieved papers match the query
  5. Note search date: Document when search was performed
  1. 优先使用精确查询：使用精准的医学术语
  2. 必要时调整查询范围：根据搜索结果拓宽或收窄查询范围
  3. 控制论文数量：生成全面摘要建议检索10-20篇论文
  4. 核实相关性：确保检索到的论文符合查询需求
  5. 记录搜索日期：记录执行搜索的时间

Script Modifications

脚本修改

If needed, users can modify 
pubmed_search.py
:
  • Increase 
    max_results
    for more comprehensive reviews
  • Update 
    Entrez.email
    with their email address
  • Adjust abstract length display
用户可根据需要修改
pubmed_search.py
：
  • 调大
    max_results
    参数获取更全面的研究内容
  • 将
    Entrez.email
    修改为用户自己的邮箱地址
  • 调整摘要显示长度

File Output Specifications

文件输出规范

Default Format: Markdown

默认格式：Markdown

Filename: Research_Summary_{Topic}_{YYYY-MM-DD}.md
Location: Current working directory
Encoding: UTF-8
Sections: All sections from template
文件名：Research_Summary_{主题}_{YYYY-MM-DD}.md
保存位置：当前工作目录
编码：UTF-8
模块：包含模板中的所有章节

Content Requirements

内容要求

  • Minimum 800 words for comprehensive topics
  • At least 3 major themes identified
  • 3-5 key terms defined
  • 3-5 papers highlighted
  • Include all template sections
  • 综合类主题的摘要不少于800字
  • 至少梳理3个核心研究主题
  • 定义3-5个核心术语
  • 突出展示3-5篇重点论文
  • 包含模板所有章节

Quality Checklist

质量检查清单

Before saving, verify:
  • Summary is accessible to non-scientists
  • Medical terms are defined
  • Key findings are accurate to source papers
  • Clinical implications explained
  • Challenges and limitations included
  • Recent papers cited with PMIDs
  • Educational disclaimer included
  • Filename follows format
  • All sections complete
  • Free of unexplained jargon
保存前请确认：
  • 非科研人员也能理解摘要内容
  • 所有医学术语都已定义
  • 关键发现和原始论文内容一致
  • 已说明临床意义
  • 包含挑战和局限性相关内容
  • 引用了近期论文并标注PMID
  • 包含教育用途免责声明
  • 文件名符合格式要求
  • 所有章节内容完整
  • 无未解释的专业术语

Related Resources

相关资源

  • PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  • Biopython Entrez Documentation: For script customization
  • MeSH Terms: Medical Subject Headings for refined searches
  • NIH Plain Language: For accessibility guidelines
Version: 1.0 Last Updated: December 2025 Maintained By: Vibe Project
  • PubMed：https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  • Biopython Entrez 文档：用于自定义脚本
  • MeSH Terms：用于优化搜索的医学主题词表
  • NIH 通俗语言指南：用于参考内容易懂性规范
版本：1.0 最后更新：2025年12月 维护方：Vibe Project