clean-code-reviewer-correctness

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English

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Chinese

Clean Code Reviewer: Correctness

整洁代码评审器：正确性检查

Reviews changed code for functional issues that break behavior, introduce vulnerabilities, degrade performance, or leave critical paths untested. This skill intentionally ignores style, naming, formatting, and structure — those belong to the style skills.

评审变更代码中破坏功能、引入漏洞、降低性能或导致关键路径未测试的功能性问题。本技能特意忽略代码风格、命名、格式和结构——这些属于代码风格类技能的范畴。

Review Scope

评审范围

Only flag issues in:

Code that was changed in the diff
Existing code that is now broken by the change (e.g., a caller that passes arguments the new signature no longer accepts)

Do not review unchanged code unless the change directly breaks it.

仅标记以下内容中的问题：

差异中变更的代码
因变更而被破坏的现有代码（例如，调用方传递的参数不再符合新的签名要求）

除非变更直接破坏了未修改的代码，否则不评审未修改的代码。

Correctness

正确性检查

Look for:

Backwards compatibility: Will existing callers break? Changed return types, removed exports, renamed public APIs, changed default parameter values, narrowed accepted input types, altered event shapes or callback signatures.
Logic errors: Off-by-one, wrong comparison operator (
```
<
```
vs
```
<=
```
), inverted conditions, short-circuit evaluation that skips side effects, integer overflow in calculations.
Missing null/undefined checks: Accessing properties on values that can be null, optional chaining that silently produces undefined where the caller expects a value.
Unhandled states: Switch/if chains that miss a discriminant, async code that doesn't handle rejection, promises that can resolve to unexpected shapes.
Behavioral mismatch: The code does something different from what the commit message, PR description, function name, or surrounding comments say it does.
Type narrowing gaps: Assertions (
```
as
```
) that skip runtime validation,
```
unknown
```
that is never narrowed, generic constraints that are too wide for the actual usage.
Broken contracts: Functions that violate their documented or implied contract — a
```
find
```
that can return
```
undefined
```
but the caller assumes it always finds, a sort comparator that isn't consistent.

需排查：

向后兼容性：现有调用方是否会受影响？包括变更返回类型、移除导出内容、重命名公开API、修改默认参数值、收窄输入类型范围、更改事件结构或回调签名。
逻辑错误：边界值错误、比较运算符误用（
```
<
```
与
```
<=
```
混淆）、条件判断倒置、短路求值跳过副作用、计算中的整数溢出。
缺失空值/未定义检查：访问可能为null的值的属性、在调用方期望有效值的场景下，可选链静默返回undefined。
未处理状态：Switch/if分支遗漏判别条件、异步代码未处理拒绝状态、Promise可能解析为意外结构。
行为不符：代码行为与提交信息、PR描述、函数名称或周边注释所述不一致。
类型收窄漏洞：使用断言（
```
as
```
）跳过运行时验证、
```
unknown
```
类型从未被收窄、泛型约束远宽于实际使用场景。
违反契约：函数违反其文档声明或隐含的契约——例如
```
find
```
可能返回
```
undefined
```
但调用方假设总能找到结果、排序比较器逻辑不一致。

Security

安全检查

Look for:

Injection: SQL concatenation with user input,
```
innerHTML
```
or
```
dangerouslySetInnerHTML
```
with unsanitized data, shell command construction from user strings, template literal injection in queries.
Exposed secrets: API keys, tokens, passwords, or private keys hardcoded in source, committed
```
.env
```
files, secrets logged or included in error messages sent to clients.
Unsafe evaluation:
```
eval()
```
,
```
new Function()
```
,
```
setTimeout(string)
```
, or dynamic
```
import()
```
with user-controlled paths.
Prototype pollution: Object spread or assignment from unvalidated external input without freezing or allowlisting keys.
Insecure randomness:
```
Math.random()
```
used for tokens, session IDs, or anything security-sensitive (should use
```
crypto
```
).
Missing authentication/authorization checks: New endpoints or routes that skip auth middleware, privilege escalation paths where role checks are absent.

需排查：

注入漏洞：拼接用户输入的SQL语句、使用未经过滤数据的innerHTML或dangerouslySetInnerHTML、通过用户字符串构造Shell命令、查询中的模板字面量注入。
泄露机密：源代码中硬编码的API密钥、令牌、密码或私钥、已提交的
```
.env
```
文件、日志中包含或发送给客户端的错误信息里的机密内容。
不安全求值：使用
```
eval()
```
、
```
new Function()
```
、
```
setTimeout(string)
```
或通过用户可控路径进行动态
```
import()
```
。
原型污染：从未经验证的外部输入进行对象扩展或赋值，且未冻结对象或设置键名白名单。
不安全随机数：使用
```
Math.random()
```
生成令牌、会话ID或任何安全敏感内容（应使用
```
crypto
```
模块）。
缺失认证/授权检查：新增端点或路由跳过认证中间件、缺少角色检查的权限提升路径。

Performance

性能检查

Look for:

O(n²) or worse: Nested loops over the same growing collection,
```
.find()
```
or
```
.includes()
```
inside
```
.filter()
```
or
```
.map()
```
over large arrays (use a Set or Map).
N+1 patterns: Fetching related data inside a loop instead of batching, one query per item in a list.
Unbounded growth: Arrays, maps, or caches that grow without eviction, event listeners registered without cleanup, subscriptions that never unsubscribe.
Unnecessary re-renders (React): Missing
```
key
```
props, unstable object/array/function references in dependency arrays or props, expensive computation in render without memoization when the component renders frequently.
Blocking the main thread: Synchronous file I/O, heavy computation without yielding,
```
JSON.parse
```
on unbounded input without a worker or streaming parser.
Missing pagination/limits: Queries or API calls that fetch all records without limit, unbounded
```
SELECT *
```
on tables that grow.

需排查：

O(n²)及更差复杂度：对同一增长集合的嵌套循环、在大数组的
```
.filter()
```
或
```
.map()
```
中调用
```
.find()
```
或
```
.includes()
```
（应使用Set或Map）。
N+1查询模式：在循环中获取关联数据而非批量获取、对列表中的每个项发起一次查询。
无限制增长：无淘汰机制的数组、映射或缓存、未清理的事件监听器、从未取消的订阅。
不必要重渲染（React）：缺失
```
key
```
属性、依赖数组或props中存在不稳定的对象/数组/函数引用、频繁渲染的组件中未进行缓存的昂贵计算。
阻塞主线程：同步文件I/O、未让步的繁重计算、在未使用Worker或流式解析器的情况下对无限制输入执行
```
JSON.parse
```
。
缺失分页/限制：无限制获取所有记录的查询或API调用、对增长的表执行无限制的
```
SELECT *
```
。

Test Coverage Risk

测试覆盖率风险

Look for:

Changed behavior without tests: New code paths, modified conditionals, or altered business logic that lack corresponding test coverage.
Removed tests: Tests deleted or disabled (
```
.skip
```
) that covered behavior which still exists in production code.
Untested error paths: Catch blocks, fallback branches, retry logic, or timeout handling that has no test exercising it.
Critical paths without assertions: Authentication, payment, data mutation, or permission checks that have no dedicated test.
Flaky test indicators: Tests that depend on timing, global state, or execution order without isolation.

需排查：

变更行为无测试覆盖：新增代码路径、修改条件判断或变更业务逻辑，但未添加对应的测试覆盖。
移除测试用例：删除或禁用（
```
.skip
```
）覆盖仍在生产代码中存在的行为的测试。
未测试错误路径：捕获块、回退分支、重试逻辑或超时处理未被任何测试覆盖。
关键路径无断言：认证、支付、数据变更或权限检查等关键路径无专用测试。
不稳定测试迹象：依赖时序、全局状态或执行顺序且未做隔离的测试。

Output Format

输出格式

For each finding:

text

Severity: Block | Fix | Suggest
Category: Correctness | Security | Performance | Test Coverage
Location: path/to/file:line
Issue: What is wrong and why it matters.
Suggested fix: Concrete next step.

每个问题需按以下格式输出：

text

Severity: Block | Fix | Suggest
Category: Correctness | Security | Performance | Test Coverage
Location: path/to/file:line
Issue: 问题内容及影响原因。
Suggested fix: 具体改进步骤。

Severity Definitions

严重程度定义

Block: Will break production, cause data loss, introduce an exploitable vulnerability, or silently corrupt behavior for existing users. Examples: removed public export that other packages import, SQL injection with user input, infinite loop on a common code path.
Fix: Likely bug or likely vulnerability that has a plausible path to production impact. Examples: off-by-one in pagination, missing null check on a value that is nullable in practice,
```
Math.random()
```
for a session token.
Suggest: Potential issue that depends on context or is low-probability but worth the author's attention. Examples: possible performance issue on a collection that is currently small, a missing test for a non-critical path, a race condition that only manifests under high concurrency.

Block：会破坏生产环境、导致数据丢失、引入可被利用的漏洞或静默破坏现有用户的行为。例如：其他包依赖的公开导出被移除、拼接用户输入的SQL注入、常见代码路径上的无限循环。
Fix：可能存在的bug或漏洞，有合理路径影响生产环境。例如：分页逻辑中的边界值错误、对实际可为空的值缺失空值检查、使用
```
Math.random()
```
生成会话令牌。
Suggest：潜在问题，依赖具体场景或发生概率低，但值得作者关注。例如：当前数据量较小但可能存在性能问题的代码、非关键路径缺失测试、仅在高并发下才会出现的竞态条件。

AI Behavior

AI行为规范

Be precise. "This might have a bug" is not useful. Say what the bug is and under what input it triggers.
Assume the author is competent. If something looks intentional but risky, ask rather than assert.
Do not flag style issues. No opinions on naming, formatting, comment presence, abstraction level, or file structure.
Do not flag theoretical issues that require impossible inputs. Focus on inputs that can actually reach the code.
When flagging backwards compatibility, name the specific caller or contract that breaks.
When flagging missing tests, be specific about what scenario is untested, not just "needs more tests."
If the diff is large, prioritize: security > correctness > performance > test coverage.

表述精准。“这可能存在bug”这类表述毫无用处。应明确说明bug是什么，以及在何种输入下会触发。
假设作者具备专业能力。若某些内容看似有意为之但存在风险，应询问而非直接断言。
不得标记代码风格问题。不对命名、格式、注释存在与否、抽象层级或文件结构发表意见。
不得标记需要不可能的输入才会触发的理论性问题。聚焦于实际可能传入代码的输入。
标记向后兼容性问题时，明确指出受影响的具体调用方或契约。
标记测试缺失问题时，明确说明未覆盖的具体场景，而非仅说“需要更多测试”。
若差异内容较大，优先级为：安全 > 正确性 > 性能 > 测试覆盖率。