ffmpeg-cli

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FFmpeg CLI Reference

FFmpeg CLI 参考手册

Dependencies

依赖项

Verify ffmpeg is installed:

ffmpeg -version

Install if missing:

undefined

验证FFmpeg是否已安装：

ffmpeg -version

如果未安装，执行以下命令安装：

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macOS

brew install ffmpeg

Ubuntu/Debian

sudo apt install ffmpeg

Windows (scoop)

scoop install ffmpeg

undefined

scoop install ffmpeg

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Glossary of flags and filters

参数与滤镜术语表

Filtering reference

Flag/Filter	Purpose
`-vf` (also `-filter:v` )	Video filter
`-af` (also `-filter:a` )	Audio filter
`-filter_complex`	Complex filter graph for multi-stream filtering
`[0]`	All streams from first input (0-based)
`[0:v]`	Video stream from first input
`[1:a]`	Audio stream from second input
`0:v:0`	First input, first video stream
`0:a:1`	First input, second audio stream
`[name]`	Named stream, used with `-filter_complex`
`-map [name]`	Select stream for output
`-y`	Auto-overwrite output files without confirmation

Expression evaluations:

if

lte

gte

and more.

滤镜参考文档

参数/滤镜	用途
`-vf` （也可写为 `-filter:v` ）	视频滤镜
`-af` （也可写为 `-filter:a` ）	音频滤镜
`-filter_complex`	用于多流处理的复杂滤镜图
`[0]`	第一个输入文件的所有流（从0开始计数）
`[0:v]`	第一个输入文件的视频流
`[1:a]`	第二个输入文件的音频流
`0:v:0`	第一个输入文件的第一个视频流
`0:a:1`	第一个输入文件的第二个音频流
`[name]`	命名流，配合 `-filter_complex` 使用
`-map [name]`	选择输出流
`-y`	自动覆盖输出文件，无需确认

表达式运算：支持

if

、

lte

、

gte

等。

Converting formats

格式转换

Remux MP4 to MKV (no re-encoding):

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c copy output.mkv

MKV and MP4 are both containers for H264/H265 video and AAC/MP3 audio. Video quality is determined by the codec, not the container. MKV supports multiple video streams; MP4 has wider device support.

Remux MP4 to MOV:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c copy output.mov

Encode MP4 to AVI (re-encodes):

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.avi

将MP4格式重封装为MKV（无需重新编码）：

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c copy output.mkv

MKV和MP4均为H264/H265视频及AAC/MP3音频的容器格式。视频质量由编码格式决定，而非容器格式。MKV支持多视频流；MP4则拥有更广泛的设备兼容性。

将MP4格式重封装为MOV：

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c copy output.mov

将MP4编码为AVI（需重新编码）：

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.avi

Resizing and padding

缩放与填充

Upscale to 1080x1920, preserve aspect ratio, black padding:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=w=1080:h=1920:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1080:1920:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2:color=black,setsar=1:1" output.mp4

scale options:

```
force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease
```
- auto-decrease output dimensions to fit aspect ratio
```
force_original_aspect_ratio=increase
```
- auto-increase dimensions
```
scale=w=1080:h=-1
```
- let ffmpeg pick correct height for aspect ratio
```
scale=w=1080:h=-2
```
- force dimensions divisible by 2

scale reference

pad options:

```
pad=width:height:x:y:color
```
- x:y is top-left corner position
```
(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2
```
centres the video; negative values also centre
pad reference

setsar=1:1 ensures 1:1 pixel aspect ratio. Prevents ffmpeg from compensating for ratio changes. setsar reference

Two scaled outputs from one input (horizontal + vertical with logo overlay):

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i logo.png \
  -filter_complex "[0:v]split=2[s0][s1]; \
    [s0]scale=w=1920:h=1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2:color=black,setsar=1:1[out1]; \
    [s1]scale=w=720:h=1280:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=720:1280:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2:color=black,setsar=1:1[s2]; \
    [s2][1]overlay=(main_w-overlay_w)/2:(main_w-overlay_w)/5[out2]" \
  -map [out1] -map 0:a output_youtube.mp4 \
  -map [out2] -map 0:a output_shorts.mp4

将视频 upscale 至1080x1920，保持宽高比，添加黑边填充：

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=w=1080:h=1920:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1080:1920:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2:color=black,setsar=1:1" output.mp4

scale参数选项：

```
force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease
```
- 自动缩小输出尺寸以适配原宽高比
```
force_original_aspect_ratio=increase
```
- 自动放大输出尺寸
```
scale=w=1080:h=-1
```
- 由FFmpeg自动计算符合宽高比的高度
```
scale=w=1080:h=-2
```
- 强制尺寸为2的倍数

scale参考文档

pad参数选项：

```
pad=width:height:x:y:color
```
- x:y为填充区域的左上角坐标
```
(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2
```
- 将视频居中；负值同样可实现居中效果
pad参考文档

setsar=1:1用于确保1:1的像素宽高比，避免FFmpeg自动补偿宽高比变化。setsar参考文档

从单个输入生成两个缩放后的输出（横版+竖版，且添加logo水印）：

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i logo.png \
  -filter_complex "[0:v]split=2[s0][s1]; \
    [s0]scale=w=1920:h=1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2:color=black,setsar=1:1[out1]; \
    [s1]scale=w=720:h=1280:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=720:1280:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2:color=black,setsar=1:1[s2]; \
    [s2][1]overlay=(main_w-overlay_w)/2:(main_w-overlay_w)/5[out2]" \
  -map [out1] -map 0:a output_youtube.mp4 \
  -map [out2] -map 0:a output_shorts.mp4

Trim by time

按时间剪辑

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:00:10 -to 00:00:25 output.mp4

For faster but less accurate trimming, see the Input/output seeking section in

references/encoding-and-settings.md

. For the

-c copy

trade-offs when trimming, see

references/core-concepts.md

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:00:10 -to 00:00:25 output.mp4

如需更快但精度稍低的剪辑方式，请查看

references/encoding-and-settings.md

中的输入/输出seek章节。关于剪辑时使用

-c copy

的利弊，请查看

references/core-concepts.md

。

Verification and inspection

验证与检查

List supported formats:

ffmpeg -formats

List supported codecs:

ffmpeg -codecs

列出支持的格式：

ffmpeg -formats

列出支持的编码格式：

ffmpeg -codecs

ffprobe

ffprobe provides structured metadata about media files.

Show detailed stream information:

ffprobe -show_streams -i input.mp4

Verify moov atom position (faststart):

ffprobe -v trace -i input.mp4

Look for

type:'moov'

near the beginning of output to confirm faststart is applied.

ffprobe用于提取媒体文件的结构化元数据。

显示详细的流信息：

ffprobe -show_streams -i input.mp4

验证moov原子的位置（faststart）：

ffprobe -v trace -i input.mp4

在输出内容开头附近查找

type:'moov'

即可确认已应用faststart。

Reference files

参考文件

Load these on demand with the Read tool when the task requires deeper coverage.

File	Topics
`references/core-concepts.md`	`-c copy` (remux vs transcode), input/output seeking, encoding quick ref (H264/H265/VP9 CRF ranges), GPU acceleration overview, `format=yuv420p` , `-movflags +faststart`
`references/audio-processing.md`	Replace audio, extract audio, mix audio, combine MP3 tracks, crossfade, change audio format, merge and normalise
`references/advanced-editing.md`	Playback speed, FPS change, jump cuts, video cropping for social, drawtext overlay, subtitles (burn/embed/extract), combine media (overlay, logo, background, concat intro/main/outro, vstack)
`references/asset-generation.md`	Image to video, slideshow with fade, Ken Burns (zoompan), GIFs, video compilation with fades, thumbnails (single/multiple/scene), image thumbnails, storyboards (scene tile/keyframe/Nth frame)
`references/encoding-and-settings.md`	Optimised daily command, H264 (libx264) deep-dive, H265 (libx265) Apple compat, VP9 (libvpx-vp9) constant quality, 1-pass vs 2-pass, `-c copy` detailed, seeking detailed, GPU detailed (Nvidia/Intel/AMD)

当任务需要更深入的内容时，可使用读取工具按需加载以下文件。

文件	主题
`references/core-concepts.md`	`-c copy` （重封装 vs 转码）、输入/输出seek、编码快速参考（H264/H265/VP9的CRF范围）、GPU加速概述、 `format=yuv420p` 、 `-movflags +faststart`
`references/audio-processing.md`	替换音频、提取音频、混音、合并MP3轨道、交叉淡入淡出、转换音频格式、合并与归一化
`references/advanced-editing.md`	播放速度调整、帧率修改、跳剪、社交平台视频裁剪、drawtext水印、字幕（硬刻录/嵌入/提取）、媒体合成（水印、logo、背景、拼接片头/正片/片尾、垂直拼接）
`references/asset-generation.md`	图片转视频、带淡入淡出的幻灯片、Ken Burns效果（zoompan）、GIF生成、带淡入淡出的视频合集、缩略图（单张/多张/场景）、图片缩略图、故事板（场景分镜/关键帧/第N帧）
`references/encoding-and-settings.md`	日常优化命令、H264（libx264）深入解析、H265（libx265）苹果兼容性、VP9（libvpx-vp9）恒定质量、1-pass vs 2-pass编码、 `-c copy` 详细说明、seek详细说明、GPU加速详细说明（Nvidia/Intel/AMD）

ffmpeg-cli

Original

Translation

FFmpeg CLI Reference

FFmpeg CLI 参考手册

Contents

目录

Dependencies

依赖项

macOS

macOS

Ubuntu/Debian

Ubuntu/Debian

Windows (scoop)

Windows (scoop)

Glossary of flags and filters

参数与滤镜术语表

Converting formats

格式转换

Resizing and padding

缩放与填充

Trim by time

按时间剪辑

Verification and inspection

验证与检查

ffprobe

ffprobe

Reference files

参考文件