contradiction-analysis

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Chinese

矛盾分析法

Contradiction Analysis Method

"研究任何过程，如果是存在着两个以上矛盾的复杂过程的话，就要用全力找出它的主要矛盾。捉住了这个主要矛盾，一切问题就迎刃而解了。" —— 毛泽东《矛盾论》（1937年）

"In studying any complex process involving more than two contradictions, we must exert all our strength to find its principal contradiction. Once this principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved." —— Mao Zedong, On Contradiction (1937)

核心原则

Core Principles

一切事物都包含矛盾，分析任何问题的方法就是找到其中的矛盾，区分主要矛盾和次要矛盾，然后集中力量解决主要矛盾。

详细原著依据见 original-texts.md

All things contain contradictions. The way to analyze any problem is to find the contradictions within it, distinguish between principal and secondary contradictions, and then concentrate efforts to solve the principal contradiction.

For detailed original text basis, see original-texts.md

不适用场景

Not Applicable Scenarios

以下情况不需要调用此 skill：

任务是直接执行性的（如"帮我把这段代码格式化"）—— 没有矛盾，无需分析
用户已经明确指定了解决方案，只需要实现 —— 矛盾已由用户解决
问题只有一个维度，不存在对立面（如"这个函数的作用是什么"）
时间紧急且问题属于已知模式 —— 直接套用已验证方案

You do not need to call this skill in the following situations:

The task is directly executable (e.g. "Help me format this code") — no contradictions exist, no analysis required
The user has clearly specified the solution and only needs implementation — the contradiction has been resolved by the user
The problem has only one dimension and no opposites (e.g. "What is the function of this function?")
Time is urgent and the problem belongs to a known pattern — directly apply the verified solution

何时使用

When to Use

你应该在以下情况调用此 skill：

面对一个复杂问题，不知道从哪里下手
问题中存在多个对立面或冲突因素
需要判断多个问题中哪个最重要、最紧迫
试图解决一个问题但总是被其他问题干扰
分析某个事物的本质和发展方向
处理团队/系统中的内部冲突或外部冲突

You should call this skill in the following situations:

Facing a complex problem and not knowing where to start
There are multiple opposites or conflicting factors in the problem
Need to judge which of multiple problems is the most important and most urgent
Trying to solve a problem but always being interrupted by other problems
Analyzing the essence and development direction of a certain thing
Handling internal or external conflicts in teams/systems

方法流程

Method Process

第一步：识别所有矛盾

Step 1: Identify All Contradictions

"事物发展的根本原因，不是在事物的外部而是在事物的内部，在于事物内部的矛盾性。"——《矛盾论》

列出当前情境中所有对立的、互相制约的因素。矛盾就是事物内部对立面的统一和斗争。

注意：

不要只看表面现象，要深入分析内在张力
每对矛盾都要明确其两个对立面是什么
矛盾不一定是"坏事"——它是事物发展的动力

"The fundamental cause of the development of things lies not in the outside of things but in their inside, in the contradiction within things." —— On Contradiction

List all opposing, mutually restrictive factors in the current situation. Contradiction is the unity and struggle of opposites within things.

Notes:

Don't just look at surface phenomena, deeply analyze the internal tension
Each pair of contradictions must clearly define its two opposites
Contradictions are not necessarily "bad things" — they are the driving force for the development of things

第二步：判定主要矛盾

Step 2: Determine the Principal Contradiction

"捉住了这个主要矛盾，一切问题就迎刃而解了。"——《矛盾论》

在所有已识别的矛盾中，找出那个规定或影响着其他矛盾的主要矛盾。判断标准：

解决了它，其他矛盾是否随之缓解？
它是否是其他矛盾产生的根源？
它是否处于当前阶段的中心位置？

"Once this principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved." —— On Contradiction

Among all identified contradictions, find the principal contradiction that regulates or influences other contradictions. Judgment criteria:

If it is solved, will other contradictions be alleviated accordingly?
Is it the root cause of other contradictions?
Is it at the center of the current stage?

第三步：分析矛盾的主要方面

Step 3: Analyze the Principal Aspect of the Contradiction

"矛盾的两方面中，必有一方面是主要的，他方面是次要的。其主要的方面，即所谓矛盾起主导作用的方面。事物的性质，主要地是由取得支配地位的矛盾的主要方面所规定的。"——《矛盾论》

在主要矛盾内部，判断哪一方面占支配地位，这决定了事物的当前性质和发展方向。

"Of the two aspects of a contradiction, one must be principal and the other secondary. The principal aspect is the one that plays the leading role in the contradiction. The nature of a thing is mainly determined by the principal aspect of the contradiction that has gained the dominant position." —— On Contradiction

Within the principal contradiction, judge which aspect is dominant, which determines the current nature and development direction of the thing.

第四步：区分矛盾性质

Step 4: Distinguish the Nature of Contradictions

"性质不同的矛盾，只有用不同的方法才能解决。"——《矛盾论》

判断矛盾是对抗性的还是非对抗性的：

对抗性矛盾（根本利益冲突）：

需要明确立场，果断处理
不能调和，只能选择一方

非对抗性矛盾（共同利益下的分歧）：

使用"团结——批评——团结"的方法
从团结的愿望出发，通过讨论和批评解决分歧，达到新的团结

"Contradictions of different natures can only be resolved with different methods." —— On Contradiction

Judge whether the contradiction is antagonistic or non-antagonistic:

Antagonistic contradiction (fundamental interest conflict):

Need to clarify the position and handle it decisively
Cannot be reconciled, only one side can be chosen

Non-antagonistic contradiction (differences under common interests):

Use the method of "unity — criticism — unity"
Start from the desire for unity, resolve differences through discussion and criticism, and achieve new unity

第五步：选择解决方法

Step 5: Choose the Solution Method

根据矛盾性质，选择对应方法：

对抗性矛盾 → 果断决策，明确取舍
非对抗性矛盾 → 民主讨论，说服教育，求同存异
技术矛盾 → 调查研究（调用
```
investigation-first
```
），实践验证（调用
```
practice-cognition
```
）
资源矛盾 → 集中兵力解决主要矛盾（调用
```
concentrate-forces
```
）
多维平衡矛盾 → 统筹兼顾（调用
```
overall-planning
```
）

Select the corresponding method according to the nature of the contradiction:

Antagonistic contradiction → Make decisive decisions and clarify trade-offs
Non-antagonistic contradiction → Democratic discussion, persuasion and education, seek common ground while reserving differences
Technical contradiction → Investigation and research (call
```
investigation-first
```
), practical verification (call
```
practice-cognition
```
)
Resource contradiction → Concentrate forces to solve the principal contradiction (call
```
concentrate-forces
```
)
Multi-dimensional balanced contradiction → Overall planning (call
```
overall-planning
```
)

第六步：监控矛盾转化

Step 6: Monitor Contradiction Transformation

"矛盾的主要和非主要的方面互相转化着，事物的性质也就随着起变化。在矛盾发展的一定过程或一定阶段上，主要方面属于甲方，非主要方面则属于乙方；到了另一发展阶段或另一发展过程时，就互相转化了。"——《矛盾论》

解决问题的过程中要持续关注：

主要矛盾是否已经转化？原来的次要矛盾是否上升为主要矛盾？
矛盾的主要方面是否发生了转换？
非对抗性矛盾是否因处理不当而转化为对抗性矛盾？

"The principal and non-principal aspects of a contradiction transform into each other, and the nature of the thing changes accordingly. In a certain process or stage of the development of a contradiction, the principal aspect belongs to Party A, and the non-principal aspect belongs to Party B; at another stage of development or another process of development, they transform into each other." —— On Contradiction

In the process of solving the problem, continue to pay attention to:

Has the principal contradiction been transformed? Has the original secondary contradiction risen to the principal contradiction?
Has the principal aspect of the contradiction changed?
Has the non-antagonistic contradiction been transformed into an antagonistic contradiction due to improper handling?

常见错误

Common Errors

错误	毛泽东的批评	正确做法
不做矛盾分析就动手	"形而上学的世界观...用孤立的、静止的和片面的观点去看世界"	先分析，后行动
搞一刀切	"对于具体的事物作具体的分析"	每个矛盾都有其特殊性，不能套用模板
抓不住主要矛盾	"如果不去注意事物的总体和矛盾的各个方面的互相联系...就不能找到解决矛盾的方法"	全局着眼，抓住牛鼻子
忽视矛盾转化	"在一定条件之下互相转化"	持续监控，动态调整
把非对抗性矛盾当对抗性处理	方法不当会使矛盾激化	先判断性质，再选择方法

Error	Mao Zedong's Criticism	Correct Practice
Acting without contradiction analysis	"The metaphysical world view... sees the world from an isolated, static and one-sided point of view"	Analyze first, then act
One-size-fits-all approach	"Make a concrete analysis of concrete things"	Each contradiction has its particularity, and templates cannot be applied
Failing to grasp the principal contradiction	"If you don't pay attention to the totality of things and the interconnection of all aspects of contradictions... you can't find a way to resolve contradictions"	Look at the overall situation and grasp the key point
Ignoring contradiction transformation	"Transform into each other under certain conditions"	Continuously monitor and adjust dynamically
Treating non-antagonistic contradictions as antagonistic	Improper methods will intensify contradictions	Judge the nature first, then choose the method

操作规程

Operating Procedures

当本 skill 被触发时，执行以下具体步骤并输出结构化的矛盾分析表：

列矛盾清单：用 bullet list 列出当前情境中所有可识别的对立面，格式为
```
[A] vs [B]
```
判定主要矛盾：在列表中标记一个矛盾为
```
⭐ 主要矛盾
```
，并用一句话说明理由（"解决了它，[X] 和 [Y] 矛盾随之缓解"）
判断性质：对主要矛盾标注：
```
对抗性
```
（利益根本冲突，必须取舍）或
```
非对抗性
```
（共同利益下的分歧，可协商）
选择应对方法：根据性质，从方法流程第五步中选择对应方法，并明确写出"接下来我将……"
设置监控提示：在分析末尾加一行："⚠️ 需监控：[次要矛盾X] 是否上升为主要矛盾"

输出必须包含以上 5 项，不得只输出分析性文字而不给出结论。

When this skill is triggered, perform the following specific steps and output a structured contradiction analysis table:

List contradiction checklist: Use a bullet list to list all identifiable opposites in the current situation, in the format
```
[A] vs [B]
```
Determine the principal contradiction: Mark one contradiction in the list as
```
⭐ Principal Contradiction
```
, and explain the reason in one sentence ("After solving it, the contradictions of [X] and [Y] will be alleviated accordingly")
Judge the nature: Mark the principal contradiction as:
```
Antagonistic
```
(fundamental conflict of interests, must make trade-offs) or
```
Non-antagonistic
```
(differences under common interests, negotiable)
Choose response method: According to the nature, select the corresponding method from the fifth step of the method process, and clearly write "Next I will……"
Set monitoring prompt: Add a line at the end of the analysis: "⚠️ Need to monitor: Whether [secondary contradiction X] rises to the principal contradiction"

The output must include the above 5 items, and you shall not only output analytical text without giving a conclusion.

与其他 skill 的关系

Relationship with Other Skills

实践认识论：矛盾分析得出的结论需要在实践中验证
调查研究：识别矛盾的前提是充分的调查研究
集中兵力：抓住主要矛盾后，集中力量解决它
统筹兼顾：当多对矛盾都需要处理时，需要统筹兼顾
批评与自我批评：矛盾分析也适用于审视自己的工作

Practice Epistemology: Conclusions drawn from contradiction analysis need to be verified in practice
Investigation and Research: Sufficient investigation and research are the premise for identifying contradictions
Concentrate Forces: After grasping the principal contradiction, concentrate efforts to solve it
Overall Planning: When multiple pairs of contradictions need to be handled, overall planning is required
Criticism and Self-criticism: Contradiction analysis is also applicable to examining one's own work