overall-planning
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Chinese统筹兼顾
Overall Planning and All-Round Consideration
"提出这十个问题,都是围绕着一个基本方针,就是要把国内外一切积极因素调动起来,为社会主义事业服务。" —— 毛泽东《论十大关系》(1956年)
"The ten issues raised are all centered on one basic principle, which is to mobilize all positive factors at home and abroad to serve the cause of socialism." —— Mao Zedong, On the Ten Major Relationships (1956)
核心原则
Core Principles
复杂系统中存在多对辩证关系,不能只顾一头而忽略另一头。正确的方法是识别所有重要的关系对,在它们之间找到动态平衡,最大限度地调动一切积极因素。
详细原著依据见 original-texts.md
There are multiple pairs of dialectical relationships in complex systems, and you cannot only focus on one side while ignoring the other. The correct approach is to identify all important relationship pairs, find a dynamic balance between them, and mobilize all positive factors to the maximum extent.
For detailed original work basis, please refer to original-texts.md
不适用场景
Inapplicable Scenarios
以下情况不需要调用此 skill:
- 只有一个目标维度,不存在需要平衡的对立面
- 用户已经明确了取舍方向(用户决策优先)
- 属于战术执行阶段,大方向已定,只需要集中推进 —— 用
concentrate-forces - 问题的性质是"必须选一个放弃另一个"的硬性约束,不存在动态平衡的空间
You do not need to call this skill in the following situations:
- There is only one goal dimension, and there is no opposite side that needs to be balanced
- The user has clearly defined the trade-off direction (user decision takes priority)
- It belongs to the tactical execution stage, the general direction has been determined, and only concentrated promotion is needed —— use
concentrate-forces - The nature of the problem is a hard constraint of "must choose one and give up the other", and there is no room for dynamic balance
何时使用
When to Use
你应该在以下情况调用此 skill:
- 面对多个相互制约的目标,需要权衡取舍
- 发现优化一个维度时损害了另一个维度
- 系统中存在多种利益相关方,需要协调
- 在速度与质量、深度与广度、短期与长期等对立面之间做选择
- 需要制定兼顾多方面需求的综合方案
- 发现自己正在片面地追求某一个目标
You should call this skill in the following situations:
- Facing multiple mutually restrictive goals, needing to weigh trade-offs
- Finding that optimizing one dimension harms another dimension
- There are multiple stakeholders in the system that need to be coordinated
- Making choices between opposites such as speed and quality, depth and breadth, short-term and long-term
- Needing to develop a comprehensive plan that takes into account multi-faceted needs
- Finding that you are unilaterally pursuing a certain goal
方法流程
Method Process
第一步:识别所有辩证关系对
Step 1: Identify all dialectical relationship pairs
毛泽东在《论十大关系》中系统识别了十对关系——《论十大关系》
列出当前系统/任务中所有重要的对立面:
常见的辩证关系对:
- 速度 与 质量
- 深度 与 广度
- 短期收益 与 长期价值
- 简单 与 灵活
- 核心功能 与 附加功能
- 个体需求 与 整体利益
- 探索创新 与 稳定可靠
- 集中统一 与 分散自主
- 理论学习 与 实践操作
- 已知方案 与 创新尝试
注意: 不同任务/系统的辩证关系对不同,要根据具体情况识别,不能照搬模板。
Mao Zedong systematically identified ten pairs of relationships in On the Ten Major Relationships —— On the Ten Major Relationships
List all important opposites in the current system/task:
Common dialectical relationship pairs:
- Speed vs Quality
- Depth vs Breadth
- Short-term income vs Long-term value
- Simplicity vs Flexibility
- Core functions vs Additional functions
- Individual needs vs Overall interests
- Exploration and innovation vs Stability and reliability
- Centralized unification vs Decentralized autonomy
- Theoretical learning vs Practical operation
- Known solutions vs Innovative attempts
Note: The dialectical relationship pairs of different tasks/systems are different, which should be identified according to specific situations, and the template cannot be copied directly.
第二步:拒绝片面性
Step 2: Reject one-sidedness
苏联的教训就是过度偏向一方——《论十大关系》
审视自己是否正在片面地强调某一方面:
- 是否只追求速度而忽略质量?
- 是否只关注眼前而忽略长远?
- 是否只满足一方需求而忽视其他方?
- 是否照搬了别人的做法而没考虑自己的实际?
关键检验: 如果你正在做的事完全忽略了某一对关系中的一方,那就是片面性。
The lesson of the Soviet Union is that it was excessively biased towards one side —— On the Ten Major Relationships
Examine whether you are unilaterally emphasizing a certain aspect:
- Are you only pursuing speed while ignoring quality?
- Are you only focusing on the present while ignoring the long-term?
- Are you only meeting the needs of one party while ignoring other parties?
- Are you copying other people's practices without considering your own reality?
Key check: If what you are doing completely ignores one side of a pair of relationships, it is one-sidedness.
第三步:寻找动态平衡
Step 3: Find dynamic balance
"统筹兼顾、适当安排"——《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》
平衡不是固定的折中,而是根据具体条件的动态调整:
- 在当前阶段,哪一方需要更多关注?
- 条件变化后,平衡点是否需要调整?
- "适当安排"——要考虑"当时当地的实际可能条件"
方法:
- 为每对关系确定当前阶段的优先侧(但不完全忽略另一侧)
- 设定具体的平衡指标(如何判断已经失衡?)
- 定期检查平衡状态
"Overall planning and all-round consideration, appropriate arrangement" —— On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People
Balance is not a fixed compromise, but a dynamic adjustment according to specific conditions:
- Which side needs more attention at the current stage?
- After conditions change, does the balance point need to be adjusted?
- "Appropriate arrangement" —— consider "the actual possible conditions at that time and place"
Method:
- Determine the priority side of each pair of relationships at the current stage (but do not completely ignore the other side)
- Set specific balance indicators (how to judge that it has been out of balance?)
- Check the balance status regularly
第四步:学习他人教训
Step 4: Learn from the lessons of others
"他们走过的弯路,你还想走?"——《论十大关系》
参考类似场景中他人的失败教训:
- 哪些项目因为片面追求某一维度而失败?
- 常见的"过度优化"陷阱有哪些?
- 有没有成熟的平衡策略可以借鉴?
但借鉴不是照搬——必须结合自己的具体情况调整。
"Do you still want to take the detours that others have taken?" —— On the Ten Major Relationships
Refer to the failure lessons of others in similar scenarios:
- Which projects failed because of unilaterally pursuing a certain dimension?
- What are the common "over-optimization" traps?
- Are there mature balance strategies that can be used for reference?
But reference is not copying —— it must be adjusted in combination with your own specific situation.
第五步:调动一切积极因素
Step 5: Mobilize all positive factors
"把国内外一切积极因素调动起来"——《论十大关系》
统筹兼顾的最终目标不是"各方都少一点"的妥协,而是找到让各方面都能发挥积极作用的配置:
- 有没有办法让两个看似矛盾的目标同时推进?
- 有没有被忽视的资源或方法可以利用?
- 有没有创造性的方案可以兼顾多方?
- 把"负面因素"转化为"正面因素"的可能性
"Mobilize all positive factors at home and abroad" —— On the Ten Major Relationships
The ultimate goal of overall planning and all-round consideration is not a compromise of "each party gets a little less", but to find a configuration that allows all parties to play a positive role:
- Is there a way to advance two seemingly contradictory goals at the same time?
- Are there any neglected resources or methods that can be used?
- Is there a creative solution that can take into account multiple parties?
- The possibility of transforming "negative factors" into "positive factors"
第六步:系统性思考
Step 6: Systematic thinking
调整一对关系时,检查对其他关系的影响:
- 提高了速度,质量是否受损?
- 增加了深度,广度是否不够?
- 满足了短期需求,长期是否埋了隐患?
每次调整都要检查全局影响。
When adjusting a pair of relationships, check the impact on other relationships:
- If speed is increased, is quality damaged?
- If depth is increased, is breadth insufficient?
- If short-term needs are met, are there hidden dangers in the long run?
Check the global impact for every adjustment.
常见的辩证关系处理模式
Common Dialectical Relationship Handling Modes
| 关系对 | 片面做法 | 统筹兼顾做法 |
|---|---|---|
| 速度 vs 质量 | 只赶进度不管质量 | 在关键点严格把关,非关键点适当加速 |
| 深度 vs 广度 | 钻牛角尖或浮于表面 | 先广泛了解,再在关键点深入 |
| 短期 vs 长期 | 只看眼前或好高骛远 | 解决眼前问题时考虑长期影响 |
| 简单 vs 灵活 | 过度简化或过度设计 | 当前够用,预留扩展空间 |
| 探索 vs 稳定 | 不敢创新或过度冒险 | 在稳定基础上有计划地探索 |
| Relationship Pair | One-sided Practice | Overall Planning Practice |
|---|---|---|
| Speed vs Quality | Only rush for progress regardless of quality | Strictly control at key points, appropriately accelerate at non-key points |
| Depth vs Breadth | Get into a dead end or stay on the surface | Understand widely first, then go deep at key points |
| Short-term vs Long-term | Only look at the present or be too ambitious | Consider long-term impact when solving immediate problems |
| Simplicity vs Flexibility | Over-simplify or over-design | Meet current needs, reserve expansion space |
| Exploration vs Stability | Dare not innovate or take excessive risks | Explore in a planned way on the basis of stability |
常见错误
Common Mistakes
| 错误 | 毛泽东的批评 | 正确做法 |
|---|---|---|
| 只顾一头 | 片面性是最常见的错误 | 识别所有重要关系,拒绝片面 |
| 固定的折中 | 平衡是动态的,不是固定的 | 根据条件动态调整平衡点 |
| 照搬他人方案 | "他们走过的弯路,你还想走?" | 借鉴但不照搬,结合实际 |
| 调整一处不管全局 | 要系统性思考 | 每次调整检查全局影响 |
| 各方面都做一点(和稀泥) | "调动一切积极因素"≠平均分配 | 找到让各方都发挥作用的最优配置 |
| Mistake | Mao Zedong's Criticism | Correct Practice |
|---|---|---|
| Only focus on one side | One-sidedness is the most common mistake | Identify all important relationships and reject one-sidedness |
| Fixed compromise | Balance is dynamic, not fixed | Dynamically adjust the balance point according to conditions |
| Copy other people's solutions | "Do you still want to take the detours that others have taken?" | Learn from but not copy, combine with reality |
| Adjust one place without considering the whole picture | Need systematic thinking | Check global impact for every adjustment |
| Do a little for all parties (muddle through) | "Mobilize all positive factors" ≠ equal distribution | Find the optimal configuration that allows all parties to play their roles |
操作规程
Operating Procedures
当本 skill 被触发时,输出辩证关系全景图和平衡方案:
-
识别所有辩证关系对,格式:
当前涉及的辩证关系: 1. [A] ↔ [B]:目前偏向 [A/B/均衡],偏向程度:[轻微/明显/严重] 2. [C] ↔ [D]:目前偏向 [C/D/均衡],偏向程度:…… -
片面性检查(对每对关系):
- 当前的方案/行动是否完全忽略了某一方?
- 如果是:这是刻意的取舍(可接受)还是无意的忽略(需要纠正)?
-
确定当前阶段的平衡点(每对关系给一个具体的侧重方向):
[A] vs [B]:当前阶段优先 [A],但确保 [B] 不低于 [最低限度] 原因:……(与当前阶段的具体条件相关) -
系统影响检查(调整一对关系后,检查对其他关系的影响):
如果加强 [A],对其他关系的影响: - 对 [C] vs [D]:[加剧/缓解/无影响],需要调整…… -
设置失衡预警指标:
如果出现 [具体信号],说明 [A] vs [B] 已经失衡,需要重新调用此 skill
When this skill is triggered, output the panoramic view of dialectical relationships and balance scheme:
-
Identify all dialectical relationship pairs, format:
Dialectical relationships involved currently: 1. [A] ↔ [B]: Currently biased towards [A/B/balanced], bias degree: [slight/obvious/severe] 2. [C] ↔ [D]: Currently biased towards [C/D/balanced], bias degree: …… -
One-sidedness check (for each pair of relationships):
- Does the current plan/action completely ignore one side?
- If yes: Is this a deliberate trade-off (acceptable) or an unintentional omission (needs correction)?
-
Determine the balance point of the current stage (give a specific priority direction for each pair of relationships):
[A] vs [B]: Prioritize [A] at the current stage, but ensure [B] is not lower than [minimum requirement] Reason: …… (related to the specific conditions of the current stage) -
System impact check (after adjusting a pair of relationships, check the impact on other relationships):
If [A] is strengthened, the impact on other relationships: - For [C] vs [D]: [aggravate/alleviate/no impact], need to adjust…… -
Set imbalance early warning indicators:
If [specific signal] appears, it means [A] vs [B] has been out of balance, and this skill needs to be called again
与其他 skill 的关系
Relationship with Other Skills
- 矛盾分析法:识别辩证关系对的过程就是矛盾分析
- 调查研究:了解各方面的实际情况是统筹兼顾的前提
- 群众路线:统筹兼顾需要听取各方意见
- 集中兵力:统筹兼顾决定大方向后,在具体执行点上集中兵力
- 持久战略:不同阶段的平衡点不同,需要阶段性调整
- Contradiction analysis method: The process of identifying dialectical relationship pairs is contradiction analysis
- Investigation and research: Understanding the actual situation of all parties is the premise of overall planning and all-round consideration
- Mass line: Overall planning and all-round consideration requires listening to opinions from all parties
- Concentrate forces: After the general direction is determined by overall planning, concentrate forces on specific execution points
- Persistent strategy: The balance points of different stages are different, and phased adjustment is required