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Android Device Mastery

Android 设备全方位操作指南

This skill covers everything about interacting with Android devices via ADB and shell commands.

本技能涵盖了所有通过ADB和shell命令与Android设备交互的操作。

Device Connection

设备连接

Check Connected Devices

查看已连接设备

bash

adb devices -l

Output shows serial, status, and device info. Common statuses:

```
device
```
- Connected and authorized
```
unauthorized
```
- Accept USB debugging prompt on device

offline

- Connection issues, try

adb kill-server && adb start-server

bash

adb devices -l

输出显示设备序列号、状态及设备信息。常见状态：

```
device
```
- 已连接且已授权
```
unauthorized
```
- 请在设备上接受USB调试授权提示

offline

- 连接异常，尝试执行

adb kill-server && adb start-server

Wireless Debugging

无线调试

Android 11+ (Recommended):

Enable Wireless debugging in Developer Options
Tap "Pair device with pairing code"
Run:
```
adb pair <ip>:<pairing_port>
```
and enter the code
Then:
```
adb connect <ip>:<connection_port>
```

Legacy (requires USB first):

bash

adb tcpip 5555
adb connect <device_ip>:5555

Android 11及以上版本（推荐方式）：

在开发者选项中启用无线调试
点击“使用配对码配对设备”
执行：
```
adb pair <ip>:<pairing_port>
```
并输入配对码
然后执行：
```
adb connect <ip>:<connection_port>
```

传统方式（需先通过USB连接）：

bash

adb tcpip 5555
adb connect <device_ip>:5555

Multiple Devices

多设备场景

Always specify device with

-s

bash

adb -s <serial> shell
adb -s emulator-5554 install app.apk

操作时需通过

-s

指定设备：

bash

adb -s <serial> shell
adb -s emulator-5554 install app.apk

Shell Commands

Shell命令

Interactive Shell

交互式Shell

bash

adb shell                    # Enter shell
adb shell <command>          # Run single command
adb shell "cmd1 && cmd2"     # Chain commands

bash

adb shell                    # 进入Shell环境
adb shell <command>          # 执行单个命令
adb shell "cmd1 && cmd2"     # 链式执行多个命令

Essential Commands

常用核心命令

bash

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bash

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Device info

设备信息

getprop ro.product.model # Device model getprop ro.build.version.release # Android version getprop ro.build.version.sdk # SDK level

getprop ro.product.model # 设备型号 getprop ro.build.version.release # Android版本 getprop ro.build.version.sdk # SDK版本号

File operations

文件操作

ls -la /sdcard/ cat /path/to/file cp /source /dest rm /path/to/file

Process info

进程信息

ps -A | grep <name> pidof <package_name> top -n 1 -m 10

undefined

ps -A | grep <name> pidof <package_name> top -n 1 -m 10

undefined

Safe Output Limiting

输出内容限制（避免过多输出）

For commands with potentially large output:

bash

adb shell "logcat -d | head -500"
adb shell "dumpsys activity | head -200"

对于可能产生大量输出的命令：

bash

adb shell "logcat -d | head -500"
adb shell "dumpsys activity | head -200"

App Management

应用管理

Install/Uninstall

安装/卸载

bash

adb install app.apk                   # Basic install
adb install -r app.apk                # Replace existing
adb install -g app.apk                # Grant all permissions
adb install -r -g app.apk             # Both

adb uninstall com.example.app         # Full uninstall
adb uninstall -k com.example.app      # Keep data

bash

adb install app.apk                   # 基础安装
adb install -r app.apk                # 覆盖安装现有应用
adb install -g app.apk                # 授予应用所有权限
adb install -r -g app.apk             # 覆盖安装并授予所有权限

adb uninstall com.example.app         # 完全卸载
adb uninstall -k com.example.app      # 保留数据卸载

Start/Stop Apps

启动/停止应用

bash

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bash

undefined

Start main activity

启动主Activity

adb shell monkey -p com.example.app -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER 1

Start specific activity

启动指定Activity

adb shell am start -n com.example.app/.MainActivity

Start with intent extras

携带Intent参数启动

adb shell am start -n com.example.app/.Activity
-a android.intent.action.VIEW
-d "myapp://page/123"
--es "key" "value"

Force stop

强制停止应用

adb shell am force-stop com.example.app

Clear app data

清除应用数据

adb shell pm clear com.example.app

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adb shell pm clear com.example.app

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List Packages

列出应用包

bash

adb shell pm list packages              # All packages
adb shell pm list packages -3           # Third-party only
adb shell pm list packages | grep term  # Filter

adb shell pm path com.example.app       # APK location
adb shell dumpsys package com.example.app  # Full package info

bash

adb shell pm list packages              # 列出所有应用包
adb shell pm list packages -3           # 仅列出第三方应用包
adb shell pm list packages | grep term  # 过滤查找应用包

adb shell pm path com.example.app       # 查看APK文件路径
adb shell dumpsys package com.example.app  # 查看应用包完整信息

Permissions

权限管理

bash

adb shell pm grant com.example.app android.permission.CAMERA
adb shell pm revoke com.example.app android.permission.CAMERA
adb shell dumpsys package com.example.app | grep permission

bash

adb shell pm grant com.example.app android.permission.CAMERA
adb shell pm revoke com.example.app android.permission.CAMERA
adb shell dumpsys package com.example.app | grep permission

File Operations

文件操作

Push/Pull Files

推送/拉取文件

bash

adb push local_file.txt /sdcard/
adb pull /sdcard/remote_file.txt ./

bash

adb push local_file.txt /sdcard/
adb pull /sdcard/remote_file.txt ./

Recursive

递归推送/拉取

adb push local_dir/ /sdcard/target/ adb pull /sdcard/dir/ ./local/

undefined

adb push local_dir/ /sdcard/target/ adb pull /sdcard/dir/ ./local/

undefined

Access App Data (Debuggable Apps)

访问应用数据（仅可调试应用）

bash

adb shell run-as com.example.app ls files/
adb shell run-as com.example.app cat shared_prefs/prefs.xml
adb shell run-as com.example.app sqlite3 databases/app.db ".tables"

bash

adb shell run-as com.example.app ls files/
adb shell run-as com.example.app cat shared_prefs/prefs.xml
adb shell run-as com.example.app sqlite3 databases/app.db ".tables"

UI Automation

UI自动化

Input Commands

输入命令

bash

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bash

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Tap at coordinates

点击指定坐标

adb shell input tap 500 800

Swipe (x1 y1 x2 y2 [duration_ms])

滑动操作（x1 y1 x2 y2 [持续时间毫秒]）

adb shell input swipe 500 1500 500 500 300

Text input (needs focused field)

输入文本（需先聚焦输入框）

adb shell input text "hello"

Key events

按键事件

adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_HOME # Home adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_BACK # Back adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_ENTER # Enter adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_POWER # Power adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP # Volume up

undefined

adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_HOME # 主页键 adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_BACK # 返回键 adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_ENTER # 回车键 adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_POWER # 电源键 adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP # 音量加键

undefined

Common Keycodes

常用按键码

Code	Key	Code	Key
3	HOME	4	BACK
24	VOL_UP	25	VOL_DOWN
26	POWER	66	ENTER
67	DEL	82	MENU

代码	按键	代码	按键
3	主页	4	返回
24	音量加	25	音量减
26	电源	66	回车
67	删除	82	菜单

Screenshots & Recording

截图与录屏

bash

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bash

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Screenshot

截图

adb shell screencap -p /sdcard/screen.png adb pull /sdcard/screen.png

One-liner (binary-safe)

一行命令（二进制安全）

adb exec-out screencap -p > screen.png

Screen recording (max 3 min)

录屏（最长3分钟）

adb shell screenrecord /sdcard/video.mp4 adb shell screenrecord --time-limit 10 /sdcard/video.mp4

undefined

adb shell screenrecord /sdcard/video.mp4 adb shell screenrecord --time-limit 10 /sdcard/video.mp4

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UI Hierarchy

UI层级结构

bash

adb shell uiautomator dump /sdcard/ui.xml
adb pull /sdcard/ui.xml

bash

adb shell uiautomator dump /sdcard/ui.xml
adb pull /sdcard/ui.xml

Debugging & Logs

调试与日志

Logcat Essentials

Logcat核心用法

bash

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bash

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Dump and exit

导出日志后退出

adb logcat -d

Last N lines

导出最后N行日志

adb logcat -t 100

Filter by tag:priority

按标签:优先级过滤

adb logcat ActivityManager:I *:S

Filter by package (get PID first)

按应用包过滤（需先获取PID）

adb logcat --pid=$(adb shell pidof -s com.example.app)

Crash buffer

崩溃日志缓冲区

adb logcat -b crash


**Priority levels:** V(erbose), D(ebug), I(nfo), W(arn), E(rror), F(atal), S(ilent)

adb logcat -b crash


**优先级等级：** V(详细)、D(调试)、I(信息)、W(警告)、E(错误)、F(致命)、S(静默)

Common Debug Patterns

常用调试命令组合

bash

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bash

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Find crashes

查找崩溃信息

adb logcat *:E | grep -E "(Exception|Error|FATAL)"

Activity lifecycle

查看Activity生命周期

adb logcat ActivityManager:I ActivityTaskManager:I *:S

Memory issues

内存问题排查

adb logcat art:D dalvikvm:D *:S | grep -i "gc"

undefined

adb logcat art:D dalvikvm:D *:S | grep -i "gc"

undefined

Memory Analysis

内存分析

bash

adb shell dumpsys meminfo com.example.app

Key metrics:

PSS: Proportional memory use (compare apps with this)
Private Dirty: Memory exclusive to process
Heap: Java/Native heap usage

bash

adb shell dumpsys meminfo com.example.app

关键指标：

PSS: 比例内存使用量（用于对比不同应用的内存占用）
Private Dirty: 进程独占的内存
Heap: Java/Native堆内存使用情况

Crash Analysis

崩溃分析

bash

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bash

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ANR traces

ANR追踪信息

adb shell cat /data/anr/traces.txt

Tombstones (native crashes, needs root)

Tombstones（原生崩溃，需Root权限）

adb shell ls /data/tombstones/

Recent crashes via logcat

通过Logcat查看近期崩溃

adb logcat -b crash -d

---

adb logcat -b crash -d

---

System Inspection

系统检查

dumpsys Services

dumpsys服务

bash

adb shell dumpsys -l                    # List all services

bash

adb shell dumpsys -l                    # 列出所有服务

Common services

常用服务

adb shell dumpsys activity # Activities, processes adb shell dumpsys package <pkg> # Package details adb shell dumpsys battery # Battery status adb shell dumpsys meminfo # System memory adb shell dumpsys cpuinfo # CPU usage adb shell dumpsys window displays # Display info adb shell dumpsys connectivity # Network state

undefined

adb shell dumpsys activity # Activity与进程信息 adb shell dumpsys package <pkg> # 应用包详细信息 adb shell dumpsys battery # 电池状态 adb shell dumpsys meminfo # 系统内存信息 adb shell dumpsys cpuinfo # CPU使用情况 adb shell dumpsys window displays # 显示信息 adb shell dumpsys connectivity # 网络状态

undefined

System Properties

系统属性

bash

adb shell getprop                       # All properties
adb shell getprop | grep <filter>       # Filter properties

bash

adb shell getprop                       # 列出所有系统属性
adb shell getprop | grep <filter>       # 过滤系统属性

Useful properties

常用属性

getprop ro.product.model # Model getprop ro.build.fingerprint # Build fingerprint getprop ro.serialno # Serial number getprop sys.boot_completed # Boot status (1 = done)

undefined

getprop ro.product.model # 设备型号 getprop ro.build.fingerprint # 构建指纹 getprop ro.serialno # 设备序列号 getprop sys.boot_completed # 启动状态（1表示已完成）

undefined

Settings

设置管理

bash

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bash

undefined

Namespaces: system, secure, global

命名空间：system、secure、global

adb shell settings get global airplane_mode_on adb shell settings put system screen_brightness 128 adb shell settings list global

---

adb shell settings get global airplane_mode_on adb shell settings put system screen_brightness 128 adb shell settings list global

---

Reboot Commands

重启命令

bash

adb reboot                   # Normal reboot
adb reboot recovery          # Recovery mode
adb reboot bootloader        # Fastboot mode
adb reboot sideload          # Sideload mode
adb reboot-bootloader        # Alias for bootloader

bash

adb reboot                   # 正常重启
adb reboot recovery          # 恢复模式
adb reboot bootloader        # Fastboot模式
adb reboot sideload          # 侧载模式
adb reboot-bootloader        # Fastboot模式别名

Troubleshooting

故障排除

Device not found:

bash

adb kill-server && adb start-server

Unauthorized:

Check USB debugging is enabled
Revoke USB debugging authorizations in Developer Options, reconnect

Multiple devices error:

Use
```
-s <serial>
```
to specify device

Command not found (on device):

Some commands require root or are version-specific
Try
```
/system/bin/<cmd>
```
or check if command exists

设备未找到：

bash

adb kill-server && adb start-server

未授权：

检查是否已启用USB调试
在开发者选项中撤销USB调试授权，重新连接设备

多设备错误：

使用
```
-s <serial>
```
指定目标设备

设备上命令未找到：

部分命令需要Root权限或仅支持特定Android版本
尝试使用
```
/system/bin/<cmd>
```
或检查命令是否存在

Quick Reference

快速参考

Task	Command
List devices	`adb devices -l`
Install app	`adb install -r -g app.apk`
Start app	`adb shell monkey -p pkg -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER 1`
Stop app	`adb shell am force-stop pkg`
Screenshot	`adb exec-out screencap -p > screen.png`
Logs	`adb logcat -d -t 100`
Shell	`adb shell`
Push file	`adb push local /sdcard/`
Pull file	`adb pull /sdcard/file ./`
Tap	`adb shell input tap X Y`
Back	`adb shell input keyevent 4`
Home	`adb shell input keyevent 3`

For deep dives into specific topics, see

references/deep-dive.md

任务	命令
列出设备	`adb devices -l`
安装应用	`adb install -r -g app.apk`
启动应用	`adb shell monkey -p pkg -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER 1`
停止应用	`adb shell am force-stop pkg`
截图	`adb exec-out screencap -p > screen.png`
查看日志	`adb logcat -d -t 100`
进入Shell	`adb shell`
推送文件	`adb push local /sdcard/`
拉取文件	`adb pull /sdcard/file ./`
点击屏幕	`adb shell input tap X Y`
返回键	`adb shell input keyevent 4`
主页键	`adb shell input keyevent 3`

如需深入了解特定主题，请查看

references/deep-dive.md

。