shell-prompt

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English

🇨🇳

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Chinese

Shell Prompt Skill

Shell 提示符配置技能

Configure high-performance shell prompts with Powerlevel10k and Zsh Vi Mode.

使用Powerlevel10k和Zsh Vi Mode配置高性能Shell提示符。

Overview

概述

Modern shell prompts provide:

Git status with branch, dirty state, and remote tracking
Environment indicators (Python venv, Node version, K8s context)
Execution time for long-running commands
Exit code visualization
Async updates for responsive experience
Vi mode indicators and cursor changes

现代化Shell提示符具备以下特性：

包含分支、未提交状态和远程跟踪的Git状态显示
环境指示器（Python虚拟环境、Node版本、K8s上下文）
长运行命令的执行时间统计
退出码可视化展示
异步更新确保响应流畅
Vi模式指示器和光标样式切换

Zsh Vi Mode

Zsh Vi 模式

Zsh supports vi-style line editing with visual feedback through cursor changes and mode indicators.

Zsh支持类Vi风格的行编辑，可通过光标变化和模式指示器提供视觉反馈。

Quick Setup (Built-in)

快速配置（内置功能）

zsh

undefined

zsh

undefined

~/.zshrc

bindkey -v # Enable vi mode

bindkey -v # 启用Vi模式

Reduce key timeout for faster mode switching (default 400ms)

缩短按键超时时间以加快模式切换（默认400ms）

export KEYTIMEOUT=10 # 100ms - don't go below 10

undefined

export KEYTIMEOUT=10 # 100ms - 建议不低于10

undefined

Cursor Style by Mode

按模式设置光标样式

Change cursor shape based on current mode:

zsh

undefined

根据当前模式更改光标形状：

zsh

undefined

Add to ~/.zshrc

添加到~/.zshrc

cursor_mode() { # Beam cursor for insert mode cursor_beam='\e[6 q' # Block cursor for normal mode cursor_block='\e[2 q'

function zle-keymap-select {
    if [[ ${KEYMAP} == vicmd ]] ||
       [[ $1 = 'block' ]]; then
        echo -ne $cursor_block
    elif [[ ${KEYMAP} == main ]] ||
         [[ ${KEYMAP} == viins ]] ||
         [[ ${KEYMAP} = '' ]] ||
         [[ $1 = 'beam' ]]; then
        echo -ne $cursor_beam
    fi
}

zle-line-init() {
    echo -ne $cursor_beam
}

zle -N zle-keymap-select
zle -N zle-line-init

} cursor_mode

undefined

cursor_mode() { # 插入模式使用竖线光标 cursor_beam='\e[6 q' # 普通模式使用方块光标 cursor_block='\e[2 q'

function zle-keymap-select {
    if [[ ${KEYMAP} == vicmd ]] ||
       [[ $1 = 'block' ]]; then
        echo -ne $cursor_block
    elif [[ ${KEYMAP} == main ]] ||
         [[ ${KEYMAP} == viins ]] ||
         [[ ${KEYMAP} = '' ]] ||
         [[ $1 = 'beam' ]]; then
        echo -ne $cursor_beam
    fi
}

zle-line-init() {
    echo -ne $cursor_beam
}

zle -N zle-keymap-select
zle -N zle-line-init

} cursor_mode

undefined

Cursor Escape Codes

光标转义码

Code	Style
`\e[1 q`	Blinking block
`\e[2 q`	Steady block
`\e[3 q`	Blinking underline
`\e[4 q`	Steady underline
`\e[5 q`	Blinking bar/beam
`\e[6 q`	Steady bar/beam

代码	样式
`\e[1 q`	闪烁方块
`\e[2 q`	稳定方块
`\e[3 q`	闪烁下划线
`\e[4 q`	稳定下划线
`\e[5 q`	闪烁竖线
`\e[6 q`	稳定竖线

Vi Mode Plugins

Vi 模式插件

Oh My Zsh vi-mode Plugin

Oh My Zsh vi-mode 插件

zsh

undefined

zsh

undefined

~/.zshrc

plugins=(... vi-mode)

Configuration (before sourcing oh-my-zsh.sh)

配置（在source oh-my-zsh.sh之前）

VI_MODE_SET_CURSOR=true VI_MODE_RESET_PROMPT_ON_MODE_CHANGE=true

Cursor styles (0-6)

光标样式（0-6）

VI_MODE_CURSOR_NORMAL=2 # Solid block VI_MODE_CURSOR_INSERT=6 # Solid beam VI_MODE_CURSOR_VISUAL=6 # Solid beam VI_MODE_CURSOR_OPPEND=0 # Blinking block

VI_MODE_CURSOR_NORMAL=2 # 实心方块 VI_MODE_CURSOR_INSERT=6 # 实心竖线 VI_MODE_CURSOR_VISUAL=6 # 实心竖线 VI_MODE_CURSOR_OPPEND=0 # 闪烁方块

Mode indicators

模式指示器

MODE_INDICATOR="%F{red}<<<NORMAL%f" INSERT_MODE_INDICATOR="%F{green}<<<INSERT%f"

undefined

MODE_INDICATOR="%F{red}<<<NORMAL%f" INSERT_MODE_INDICATOR="%F{green}<<<INSERT%f"

undefined

softmoth/zsh-vim-mode

Full-featured vi mode with text objects and surround bindings.

Installation:

bash

undefined

功能完整的Vi模式插件，支持文本对象和环绕绑定。

安装：

bash

undefined

Clone

克隆仓库

git clone https://github.com/softmoth/zsh-vim-mode.git ~/.zsh/zsh-vim-mode

Source in .zshrc (after other plugins)

在.zshrc中加载（在其他插件之后）

source ~/.zsh/zsh-vim-mode/zsh-vim-mode.plugin.zsh


**Load order matters:** zsh-autosuggestions -> zsh-syntax-highlighting -> zsh-vim-mode

**Configuration:**
```zsh

source ~/.zsh/zsh-vim-mode/zsh-vim-mode.plugin.zsh


**加载顺序很重要：** zsh-autosuggestions -> zsh-syntax-highlighting -> zsh-vim-mode

**配置：**
```zsh

Cursor styles (supports colors!)

光标样式（支持颜色！）

MODE_CURSOR_VIINS="#00ff00 blinking bar" MODE_CURSOR_VICMD="green block" MODE_CURSOR_REPLACE="red block" MODE_CURSOR_SEARCH="#ff00ff steady underline" MODE_CURSOR_VISUAL="$MODE_CURSOR_VICMD steady bar" MODE_CURSOR_VLINE="$MODE_CURSOR_VISUAL #00ffff"

Mode indicators (auto-added to RPS1 if unset)

模式指示器（如果未设置会自动添加到RPS1）

MODE_INDICATOR_VIINS='%F{15}<%F{8}INSERT>%f' MODE_INDICATOR_VICMD='%F{10}<%F{2}NORMAL>%f' MODE_INDICATOR_REPLACE='%F{9}<%F{1}REPLACE>%f' MODE_INDICATOR_SEARCH='%F{13}<%F{5}SEARCH>%f' MODE_INDICATOR_VISUAL='%F{12}<%F{4}VISUAL>%f' MODE_INDICATOR_VLINE='%F{12}<%F{4}V-LINE>%f'

Other options

其他选项

VIM_MODE_VICMD_KEY='^[' # Default escape key VIM_MODE_TRACK_KEYMAP=true # Enable mode tracking VIM_MODE_INITIAL_KEYMAP=viins # Start in insert mode


**Features:**
- Text objects: `ci"`, `da(`, `vi[`
- Surround: `cs"'` (change surrounding " to ')
- Visual mode selection
- Emacs bindings in insert mode (Ctrl-A, Ctrl-E)

VIM_MODE_VICMD_KEY='^[' # 默认Esc键 VIM_MODE_TRACK_KEYMAP=true # 启用模式跟踪 VIM_MODE_INITIAL_KEYMAP=viins # 启动时进入插入模式


**特性：**
- 文本对象：`ci"`, `da(`, `vi[`
- 环绕操作：`cs"'`（将双引号替换为单引号）
- 可视化模式选择
- 插入模式下支持Emacs绑定（Ctrl-A、Ctrl-E）

jeffreytse/zsh-vi-mode

Modern vi mode with operator-pending mode support.

Installation:

bash

undefined

支持操作待决模式的现代化Vi模式插件。

安装：

bash

undefined

With zinit

使用zinit

zinit ice depth=1 zinit light jeffreytse/zsh-vi-mode

Manual

手动安装

git clone https://github.com/jeffreytse/zsh-vi-mode.git ~/.zsh/zsh-vi-mode source ~/.zsh/zsh-vi-mode/zsh-vi-mode.plugin.zsh


**Configuration:**
```zsh

git clone https://github.com/jeffreytse/zsh-vi-mode.git ~/.zsh/zsh-vi-mode source ~/.zsh/zsh-vi-mode/zsh-vi-mode.plugin.zsh


**配置：**
```zsh

Cursor styles

光标样式

ZVM_NORMAL_MODE_CURSOR=$ZVM_CURSOR_BLOCK ZVM_INSERT_MODE_CURSOR=$ZVM_CURSOR_BEAM ZVM_VISUAL_MODE_CURSOR=$ZVM_CURSOR_BLOCK ZVM_VISUAL_LINE_MODE_CURSOR=$ZVM_CURSOR_BLOCK ZVM_OPPEND_MODE_CURSOR=$ZVM_CURSOR_UNDERLINE

Mode indicator in prompt

提示符中的模式指示器

function zvm_after_select_vi_mode() { case $ZVM_MODE in $ZVM_MODE_NORMAL) # Update prompt for normal mode ;; $ZVM_MODE_INSERT) # Update prompt for insert mode ;; $ZVM_MODE_VISUAL) # Update prompt for visual mode ;; esac }

function zvm_after_select_vi_mode() { case $ZVM_MODE in $ZVM_MODE_NORMAL) # 更新普通模式下的提示符 ;; $ZVM_MODE_INSERT) # 更新插入模式下的提示符 ;; $ZVM_MODE_VISUAL) # 更新可视化模式下的提示符 ;; esac }

Disable cursor style changes (if using another method)

禁用光标样式更改（如果使用其他方法）

ZVM_CURSOR_STYLE_ENABLED=false

undefined

ZVM_CURSOR_STYLE_ENABLED=false

undefined

Key Bindings Reference

键绑定参考

Mode Switching

模式切换

Key	Action
`ESC` or `Ctrl-[`	Enter Normal mode
`i`	Insert before cursor
`a`	Append after cursor
`I`	Insert at line start
`A`	Append at line end
`v`	Enter Visual mode
`V`	Enter Visual Line mode

按键	操作
`ESC` 或 `Ctrl-[`	进入普通模式
`i`	在光标前插入
`a`	在光标后追加
`I`	在行首插入
`A`	在行尾追加
`v`	进入可视化模式
`V`	进入可视行模式

Navigation (Normal Mode)

导航（普通模式）

Key	Action
`h/l`	Left/right
`j/k`	Down/up in history
`w/W`	Forward word
`b/B`	Backward word
`e/E`	End of word
`0`	Start of line
`^`	First non-blank
`$`	End of line
`f{char}`	Find char forward
`F{char}`	Find char backward
`t{char}`	Till char forward
`T{char}`	Till char backward

按键	操作
`h/l`	左/右移动
`j/k`	向下/向上浏览历史记录
`w/W`	向前移动一个单词
`b/B`	向后移动一个单词
`e/E`	移动到单词末尾
`0`	移动到行首
`^`	移动到行首第一个非空白字符
`$`	移动到行尾
`f{char}`	向前查找指定字符
`F{char}`	向后查找指定字符
`t{char}`	向前移动到指定字符前一位
`T{char}`	向后移动到指定字符后一位

Editing (Normal Mode)

编辑（普通模式）

Key	Action
`x`	Delete char
`dd`	Delete line
`D`	Delete to end
`cc`	Change line
`C`	Change to end
`yy`	Yank line
`p/P`	Paste after/before
`u`	Undo
`Ctrl-r`	Redo

按键	操作
`x`	删除光标所在字符
`dd`	删除整行
`D`	删除从光标到行尾的内容
`cc`	更改整行内容
`C`	更改从光标到行尾的内容
`yy`	复制整行
`p/P`	在光标后/前粘贴
`u`	撤销
`Ctrl-r`	重做

Text Objects

文本对象

Key	Action
`ciw`	Change inner word
`daw`	Delete a word (with space)
`ci"`	Change inside quotes
`da(`	Delete around parens
`vi[`	Select inside brackets

按键	操作
`ciw`	更改当前单词内容
`daw`	删除当前单词（包含空格）
`ci"`	更改双引号内的内容
`da(`	删除括号内的内容（包含括号）
`vi[`	选中括号内的内容

KEYTIMEOUT Considerations

KEYTIMEOUT 注意事项

The

KEYTIMEOUT

variable affects multi-key sequences:

zsh

undefined

KEYTIMEOUT

变量会影响多键序列的响应：

zsh

undefined

Default is 40 (400ms)

默认值为40（400ms）

export KEYTIMEOUT=10 # 100ms - good balance

export KEYTIMEOUT=10 # 100ms - 平衡响应速度和兼容性

Too low (<10) breaks multi-key bindings

数值过低（<10）会破坏多键绑定

Too high (>40) feels sluggish on ESC

数值过高（>40）会导致Esc键响应迟缓


**Workarounds for escape delay:**
```zsh


**解决Esc键延迟的方案：**
```zsh

Option 1: Use Ctrl-[ instead of Escape

方案1：使用Ctrl-[ 替代Esc键

(Ctrl-[ sends ESC immediately)

（Ctrl-[ 会立即发送Esc信号）

Option 2: Bind jk or jj to escape

方案2：将jk或jj绑定为Esc键

bindkey -M viins 'jk' vi-cmd-mode bindkey -M viins 'jj' vi-cmd-mode

undefined

bindkey -M viins 'jk' vi-cmd-mode bindkey -M viins 'jj' vi-cmd-mode

undefined

Powerlevel10k

Installation

安装

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

With Oh My Zsh

使用Oh My Zsh

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git
${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k

Set in .zshrc

在.zshrc中设置主题

ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"

Run configuration wizard

运行配置向导

p10k configure

undefined

p10k configure

undefined

Instant Prompt Setup

即时提示符设置

Add at the very top of

~/.zshrc

(before anything else):

zsh

undefined

在

~/.zshrc

的最顶部添加（在其他内容之前）：

zsh

undefined

Enable Powerlevel10k instant prompt

启用Powerlevel10k即时提示符

if [[ -r "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh" ]]; then source "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh" fi


Add at the **end** of `~/.zshrc`:

```zsh

if [[ -r "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh" ]]; then source "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh" fi


在`~/.zshrc`的**最末尾**添加：

```zsh

Source Powerlevel10k config

加载Powerlevel10k配置

[[ -f ~/.p10k.zsh ]] && source ~/.p10k.zsh

undefined

[[ -f ~/.p10k.zsh ]] && source ~/.p10k.zsh

undefined

Configuration Options

配置选项

Key settings in

~/.p10k.zsh

zsh

undefined

~/.p10k.zsh

中的关键设置：

zsh

undefined

Left prompt segments

左侧提示符段

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_LEFT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=( os_icon dir vcs newline prompt_char )

Right prompt segments

右侧提示符段

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=( status command_execution_time background_jobs virtualenv kubecontext azure aws vi_mode # Show vi mode indicator! context time )

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=( status command_execution_time background_jobs virtualenv kubecontext azure aws vi_mode # 显示Vi模式指示器！ context time )

Transient prompt (clean up previous prompts)

临时提示符（自动清理之前的提示符）

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_TRANSIENT_PROMPT=always

Directory truncation

目录截断策略

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_SHORTEN_STRATEGY=truncate_to_unique typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_SHORTEN_DIR_LENGTH=3

Vi mode indicator styling

Vi模式指示器样式

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_VI_INSERT_MODE_STRING='' typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_VI_COMMAND_MODE_STRING='NORMAL' typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_VI_MODE_NORMAL_FOREGROUND=0 typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_VI_MODE_NORMAL_BACKGROUND=2

undefined

undefined

Performance Tuning

性能调优

zsh

undefined

zsh

undefined

Disable slow segments

禁用缓慢的提示符段

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_DISABLE_GITSTATUS=false # Keep enabled!

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_DISABLE_GITSTATUS=false # 建议保持启用！

Large repo optimization

大型仓库优化

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_MAX_INDEX_SIZE_DIRTY=1000

Async git status (default, don't change)

异步Git状态（默认设置，请勿修改）

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_BACKENDS=(git)

Reduce segment count for speed

减少提示符段数量以提升速度

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=(status command_execution_time vi_mode)

undefined

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=(status command_execution_time vi_mode)

undefined

Performance Summary

性能总结

Benchmark Results (zsh-bench)

基准测试结果（zsh-bench）

Metric	Target	Powerlevel10k
First prompt lag	<50ms	24ms
Command lag	<10ms	15ms
Git status (small)	<30ms	<10ms
Git status (large)	<100ms	Async/instant

指标	理想值	Powerlevel10k
首次提示符延迟	<50ms	24ms
命令执行后延迟	<10ms	15ms
Git状态查询（小型仓库）	<30ms	<10ms
Git状态查询（大型仓库）	<100ms	异步/即时响应

Architecture

架构

Powerlevel10k (gitstatus daemon):

┌─────────────┐     pipes      ┌─────────────┐
│    Zsh      │ <============> │  gitstatusd │
│  (prompt)   │                │   (C++ daemon)
└─────────────┘                └─────────────┘
       │                              │
       │ async                        │ keeps state
       │ never blocks                 │ in memory
       ▼                              ▼
   Instant prompt              Fast git queries

Powerlevel10k（gitstatus 守护进程）：

┌─────────────┐     管道      ┌─────────────┐
│    Zsh      │ <============> │  gitstatusd │
│  (提示符)   │                │   (C++ 守护进程)
└─────────────┘                └─────────────┘
       │                              │
       │ 异步执行                        │ 内存中保持状态
       │ 永不阻塞                        │
       ▼                              ▼
   即时提示符              快速Git查询

Benchmarking Your Setup

基准测试你的配置

Using zsh-bench

使用zsh-bench

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Install

安装

git clone https://github.com/romkatv/zsh-bench ~/zsh-bench

Run benchmark

运行基准测试

~/zsh-bench/zsh-bench

Key metrics to watch:

需要关注的关键指标：

- first_prompt_lag_ms: <50ms ideal

- first_prompt_lag_ms: 理想值<50ms

- command_lag_ms: <10ms ideal

- command_lag_ms: 理想值<10ms

undefined

undefined

Manual Timing

手动计时

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Zsh startup time

Zsh启动时间

time zsh -i -c exit

Per-command timing

单命令计时

TIMEFMT='%*E seconds' time (for i in {1..10}; do zsh -i -c 'print -P "$PROMPT"' >/dev/null; done)

undefined

TIMEFMT='%*E 秒' time (for i in {1..10}; do zsh -i -c 'print -P "$PROMPT"' >/dev/null; done)

undefined

Troubleshooting

故障排查

Slow Prompt

提示符响应缓慢

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Check segment timing

检查提示符段的执行时间

zsh -xv # Verbose trace

zsh -xv # 详细跟踪

Common culprits:

常见原因：

- git_status in large repos

- 大型仓库中的git_status查询

- python/node version detection

- Python/Node版本检测

- cloud context (aws/azure/gcloud)

- 云环境上下文（aws/azure/gcloud）

undefined

undefined

P10k: gitstatus Failed

P10k: gitstatus 启动失败

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Reinstall gitstatusd

重新安装gitstatusd

rm -rf ~/.cache/gitstatus

Restart zsh

重启Zsh

exec zsh

undefined

exec zsh

undefined

Vi Mode Not Working

Vi模式无法正常工作

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Verify vi mode is enabled

验证Vi模式是否启用

bindkey -l | grep vi

Check current keymap

检查当前键映射

echo $KEYMAP

Reset bindings

重置键绑定

bindkey -v

undefined

bindkey -v

undefined

Cursor Not Changing

光标样式未更改

Verify terminal supports cursor escape codes

Check

zle-keymap-select

is defined:

whence -f zle-keymap-select

Some terminals (like Apple Terminal) have limited cursor support
Try iTerm2 or Alacritty for full support

验证终端是否支持光标转义码

检查

zle-keymap-select

是否已定义：

whence -f zle-keymap-select

部分终端（如Apple Terminal）对光标样式支持有限
尝试使用iTerm2或Alacritty以获得完整支持

References

参考资料

references/powerlevel10k-config.md - Complete P10k configuration
references/zsh-vim-mode.md - softmoth/zsh-vim-mode details
references/performance-tuning.md - Advanced optimization
references/troubleshooting.md - Common issues and fixes

references/powerlevel10k-config.md - 完整P10k配置指南
references/zsh-vim-mode.md - softmoth/zsh-vim-mode 详细说明
references/performance-tuning.md - 高级性能调优
references/troubleshooting.md - 常见问题与解决方案

External Links

外部链接

Powerlevel10k: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k
softmoth/zsh-vim-mode: https://github.com/softmoth/zsh-vim-mode
jeffreytse/zsh-vi-mode: https://github.com/jeffreytse/zsh-vi-mode
Oh My Zsh vi-mode: https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/master/plugins/vi-mode
zsh-bench: https://github.com/romkatv/zsh-bench
gitstatus: https://github.com/romkatv/gitstatus

Powerlevel10k: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k
softmoth/zsh-vim-mode: https://github.com/softmoth/zsh-vim-mode
jeffreytse/zsh-vi-mode: https://github.com/jeffreytse/zsh-vi-mode
Oh My Zsh vi-mode: https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/master/plugins/vi-mode
zsh-bench: https://github.com/romkatv/zsh-bench
gitstatus: https://github.com/romkatv/gitstatus