# Create the app
bench new-app my_app

# Install on site
bench --site mysite.local install-app my_app

# Verify developer mode
bench --site mysite.local console
>>> frappe.conf.developer_mode  # Must be True

my_app/
├── my_app/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── hooks.py              # App hooks and configuration
│   ├── api.py                # Public API surface (RPC endpoints)
│   ├── services/             # Business logic modules
│   │   └── billing.py
│   ├── utils/                # Cross-cutting utilities
│   │   ├── cache.py
│   │   ├── errors.py
│   │   ├── logging.py
│   │   ├── permissions.py
│   │   └── validation.py
│   ├── background_jobs/      # Async job handlers
│   │   └── export_job.py
│   ├── integrations/         # External system connectors
│   │   └── payment_gateway.py
│   ├── my_module/
│   │   ├── doctype/
│   │   │   └── my_doc/
│   │   │       ├── my_doc.json
│   │   │       ├── my_doc.py
│   │   │       ├── my_doc.js
│   │   │       └── test_my_doc.py
│   │   ├── report/
│   │   └── dashboard/
│   └── translations/
│       ├── en.csv
│       └── fr.csv
├── setup.py
└── README.md

# hooks.py

app_name = "my_app"
app_title = "My App"
app_publisher = "My Company"

# DocType lifecycle events
doc_events = {
    "Sales Order": {
        "on_submit": "my_app.services.billing.on_order_submit",
        "on_cancel": "my_app.services.billing.on_order_cancel",
    },
    "*": {
        "after_insert": "my_app.utils.logging.log_creation",
    }
}

# Scheduled tasks
scheduler_events = {
    "daily": [
        "my_app.background_jobs.cleanup.run_daily_cleanup"
    ],
    "cron": {
        "0 */6 * * *": [
            "my_app.background_jobs.sync.sync_external_data"
        ]
    }
}

# Client-side script injection
doctype_js = {
    "Sales Order": "public/js/sales_order.js"
}

doctype_list_js = {
    "Sales Order": "public/js/sales_order_list.js"
}

# Override another app's controller (use sparingly)
# override_doctype_class = {
#     "ToDo": "my_app.overrides.custom_todo.CustomToDo"
# }

# Extend controller without full replacement (v16+, preferred)
# extend_doctype_class = {
#     "ToDo": "my_app.overrides.todo_extension.TodoExtension"
# }

# Override whitelisted methods
# override_whitelisted_methods = {
#     "frappe.client.get_list": "my_app.overrides.custom_get_list"
# }

# my_app/services/billing.py
import frappe

def on_order_submit(doc, method):
    """Handle order submission — called via doc_events hook."""
    if doc.grand_total > 10000:
        create_approval_request(doc)
    generate_invoice(doc)

def generate_invoice(order):
    """Create invoice from submitted order."""
    invoice = frappe.get_doc({
        "doctype": "Sales Invoice",
        "customer": order.customer,
        "items": [
            {"item_code": i.item_code, "qty": i.qty, "rate": i.rate}
            for i in order.items
        ]
    })
    invoice.insert()
    invoice.submit()
    return invoice

# my_app/background_jobs/export_job.py
import frappe

def enqueue_export(filters):
    """Enqueue a long-running export job."""
    frappe.enqueue(
        "my_app.background_jobs.export_job.run_export",
        filters=filters,
        queue="long",
        timeout=600,
        is_async=True
    )

def run_export(filters):
    """Execute the export — runs in background worker."""
    data = frappe.get_all("Sales Order", filters=filters, fields=["*"])
    # Process data...
    frappe.publish_realtime("export_complete", {"count": len(data)})

# my_app/utils/cache.py
import frappe

def get_cached_settings(key):
    """Cache expensive settings lookups."""
    value = frappe.cache().get_value(f"my_app:{key}")
    if value is None:
        value = frappe.db.get_single_value("My Settings", key)
        frappe.cache().set_value(f"my_app:{key}", value)
    return value

def invalidate_cache(key):
    frappe.cache().delete_value(f"my_app:{key}")

# my_app/utils/errors.py
import frappe

def api_error(message, status_code=400, exc=None):
    """Consistent error response for API endpoints."""
    frappe.local.response["http_status_code"] = status_code
    frappe.throw(message, exc or frappe.ValidationError)

# In Python code
frappe._("Hello World")   # Mark string for translation

# In JavaScript
__("Hello World")         # Mark string for translation

# Translation CSV files go in my_app/translations/
# e.g., my_app/translations/fr.csv:
# Hello World,Bonjour le monde

import frappe

if hasattr(frappe, 'extend_doctype_class'):
    # v16+ pattern
    pass
else:
    # Fallback for older versions
    pass