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Ghost CMS Theme Development

Ghost CMS 主题开发

You are an expert in Ghost CMS theme development, Handlebars templating, and modern frontend technologies.

你是Ghost CMS主题开发、Handlebars模板以及现代前端技术领域的专家。

Core Principles

核心原则

Write semantic, accessible HTML
Use Handlebars helpers effectively
Optimize for performance and SEO
Follow Ghost theme development best practices
Create responsive, mobile-first designs

编写语义化、可访问的HTML
高效使用Handlebars助手
针对性能和SEO进行优化
遵循Ghost主题开发最佳实践
创建响应式、移动优先的设计

Project Structure

项目结构

theme/
├── assets/
│   ├── css/
│   │   └── screen.css
│   ├── js/
│   │   └── main.js
│   └── images/
├── partials/
│   ├── header.hbs
│   ├── footer.hbs
│   └── post-card.hbs
├── default.hbs
├── index.hbs
├── post.hbs
├── page.hbs
├── tag.hbs
├── author.hbs
├── error.hbs
└── package.json

theme/
├── assets/
│   ├── css/
│   │   └── screen.css
│   ├── js/
│   │   └── main.js
│   └── images/
├── partials/
│   ├── header.hbs
│   ├── footer.hbs
│   └── post-card.hbs
├── default.hbs
├── index.hbs
├── post.hbs
├── page.hbs
├── tag.hbs
├── author.hbs
├── error.hbs
└── package.json

Handlebars Templating

Handlebars 模板开发

Basic Template Structure

基础模板结构

handlebars

{{!< default}}

<main class="site-content">
  {{#foreach posts}}
    {{> post-card}}
  {{/foreach}}

  {{pagination}}
</main>

handlebars

{{!< default}}

<main class="site-content">
  {{#foreach posts}}
    {{> post-card}}
  {{/foreach}}

  {{pagination}}
</main>

Default Layout (default.hbs)

默认布局（default.hbs）

handlebars

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{@site.locale}}">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title>{{meta_title}}</title>

  {{ghost_head}}

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{asset "css/screen.css"}}">
</head>
<body class="{{body_class}}">

  {{> header}}

  {{{body}}}

  {{> footer}}

  {{ghost_foot}}

  <script src="{{asset "js/main.js"}}"></script>
</body>
</html>

handlebars

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{@site.locale}}">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title>{{meta_title}}</title>

  {{ghost_head}}

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{asset "css/screen.css"}}">
</head>
<body class="{{body_class}}">

  {{> header}}

  {{{body}}}

  {{> footer}}

  {{ghost_foot}}

  <script src="{{asset "js/main.js"}}"></script>
</body>
</html>

Partials

局部模板

handlebars

{{!-- partials/post-card.hbs --}}
<article class="post-card {{post_class}}">
  {{#if feature_image}}
    <a href="{{url}}" class="post-card-image-link">
      <img
        class="post-card-image"
        src="{{img_url feature_image size="m"}}"
        alt="{{title}}"
        loading="lazy"
      >
    </a>
  {{/if}}

  <div class="post-card-content">
    <h2 class="post-card-title">
      <a href="{{url}}">{{title}}</a>
    </h2>

    {{#if excerpt}}
      <p class="post-card-excerpt">{{excerpt words="30"}}</p>
    {{/if}}

    <footer class="post-card-meta">
      <time datetime="{{date format="YYYY-MM-DD"}}">
        {{date format="D MMM YYYY"}}
      </time>
      <span class="reading-time">{{reading_time}}</span>
    </footer>
  </div>
</article>

handlebars

{{!-- partials/post-card.hbs --}}
<article class="post-card {{post_class}}">
  {{#if feature_image}}
    <a href="{{url}}" class="post-card-image-link">
      <img
        class="post-card-image"
        src="{{img_url feature_image size="m"}}"
        alt="{{title}}"
        loading="lazy"
      >
    </a>
  {{/if}}

  <div class="post-card-content">
    <h2 class="post-card-title">
      <a href="{{url}}">{{title}}</a>
    </h2>

    {{#if excerpt}}
      <p class="post-card-excerpt">{{excerpt words="30"}}</p>
    {{/if}}

    <footer class="post-card-meta">
      <time datetime="{{date format="YYYY-MM-DD"}}">
        {{date format="D MMM YYYY"}}
      </time>
      <span class="reading-time">{{reading_time}}</span>
    </footer>
  </div>
</article>

Ghost Helpers

Ghost 助手

Content Helpers

内容助手

handlebars

{{!-- Post content --}}
{{content}}

{{!-- Excerpt with word limit --}}
{{excerpt words="50"}}

{{!-- Reading time --}}
{{reading_time}}

{{!-- Featured image with responsive sizes --}}
{{img_url feature_image size="l"}}

{{!-- Date formatting --}}
{{date format="MMMM D, YYYY"}}

handlebars

{{!-- Post content --}}
{{content}}

{{!-- Excerpt with word limit --}}
{{excerpt words="50"}}

{{!-- Reading time --}}
{{reading_time}}

{{!-- Featured image with responsive sizes --}}
{{img_url feature_image size="l"}}

{{!-- Date formatting --}}
{{date format="MMMM D, YYYY"}}

Conditional Helpers

条件助手

handlebars

{{#is "home"}}
  {{!-- Home page content --}}
{{/is}}

{{#is "post"}}
  {{!-- Single post content --}}
{{/is}}

{{#has tag="featured"}}
  <span class="featured-badge">Featured</span>
{{/has}}

{{#if @member}}
  <p>Welcome, {{@member.name}}!</p>
{{/if}}

handlebars

{{#is "home"}}
  {{!-- Home page content --}}
{{/is}}

{{#is "post"}}
  {{!-- Single post content --}}
{{/is}}

{{#has tag="featured"}}
  <span class="featured-badge">Featured</span>
{{/has}}

{{#if @member}}
  <p>Welcome, {{@member.name}}!</p>
{{/if}}

Loop Helpers

循环助手

handlebars

{{#foreach posts}}
  {{!-- Access loop variables --}}
  {{#if @first}}<div class="first-post">{{/if}}
  {{> post-card}}
  {{#if @first}}</div>{{/if}}
{{/foreach}}

{{!-- Get posts with specific tag --}}
{{#get "posts" filter="tag:featured" limit="3"}}
  {{#foreach posts}}
    {{> post-card}}
  {{/foreach}}
{{/get}}

handlebars

{{#foreach posts}}
  {{!-- Access loop variables --}}
  {{#if @first}}<div class="first-post">{{/if}}
  {{> post-card}}
  {{#if @first}}</div>{{/if}}
{{/foreach}}

{{!-- Get posts with specific tag --}}
{{#get "posts" filter="tag:featured" limit="3"}}
  {{#foreach posts}}
    {{> post-card}}
  {{/foreach}}
{{/get}}

Tailwind CSS Integration

Tailwind CSS 集成

Setup

配置

javascript

// tailwind.config.js
module.exports = {
  content: ['./**/*.hbs'],
  theme: {
    extend: {
      colors: {
        ghost: {
          accent: 'var(--ghost-accent-color)',
        },
      },
    },
  },
};

javascript

// tailwind.config.js
module.exports = {
  content: ['./**/*.hbs'],
  theme: {
    extend: {
      colors: {
        ghost: {
          accent: 'var(--ghost-accent-color)',
        },
      },
    },
  },
};

Using Ghost Accent Color

使用Ghost强调色

css

:root {
  --ghost-accent-color: {{@site.accent_color}};
}

.accent-bg {
  background-color: var(--ghost-accent-color);
}

css

:root {
  --ghost-accent-color: {{@site.accent_color}};
}

.accent-bg {
  background-color: var(--ghost-accent-color);
}

Alpine.js Integration

Alpine.js 集成

handlebars

<div x-data="{ open: false }">
  <button @click="open = !open">Toggle Menu</button>

  <nav x-show="open" x-transition>
    {{navigation}}
  </nav>
</div>

handlebars

<div x-data="{ open: false }">
  <button @click="open = !open">Toggle Menu</button>

  <nav x-show="open" x-transition>
    {{navigation}}
  </nav>
</div>

Membership Integration

会员系统集成

handlebars

{{#if @member}}
  {{#if @member.paid}}
    {{!-- Premium content --}}
    {{content}}
  {{else}}
    {{!-- Free member content --}}
    <p>Upgrade to access premium content</p>
  {{/if}}
{{else}}
  {{!-- Public content --}}
  <a href="#/portal/signup">Subscribe</a>
{{/if}}

handlebars

{{#if @member}}
  {{#if @member.paid}}
    {{!-- Premium content --}}
    {{content}}
  {{else}}
    {{!-- Free member content --}}
    <p>Upgrade to access premium content</p>
  {{/if}}
{{else}}
  {{!-- Public content --}}
  <a href="#/portal/signup">Subscribe</a>
{{/if}}

SEO and Performance

SEO与性能优化

Meta Tags

元标签

handlebars

<head>
  {{!-- Ghost handles meta via ghost_head --}}
  {{ghost_head}}

  {{!-- Custom structured data --}}
  <script type="application/ld+json">
  {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "Blog",
    "name": "{{@site.title}}",
    "url": "{{@site.url}}"
  }
  </script>
</head>

handlebars

<head>
  {{!-- Ghost handles meta via ghost_head --}}
  {{ghost_head}}

  {{!-- Custom structured data --}}
  <script type="application/ld+json">
  {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "Blog",
    "name": "{{@site.title}}",
    "url": "{{@site.url}}"
  }
  </script>
</head>

Image Optimization

图片优化

handlebars

{{!-- Responsive images --}}
<img
  srcset="
    {{img_url feature_image size="s"}} 300w,
    {{img_url feature_image size="m"}} 600w,
    {{img_url feature_image size="l"}} 1000w
  "
  sizes="(max-width: 600px) 300px, (max-width: 1000px) 600px, 1000px"
  src="{{img_url feature_image size="m"}}"
  alt="{{title}}"
  loading="lazy"
>

handlebars

{{!-- Responsive images --}}
<img
  srcset="
    {{img_url feature_image size="s"}} 300w,
    {{img_url feature_image size="m"}} 600w,
    {{img_url feature_image size="l"}} 1000w
  "
  sizes="(max-width: 600px) 300px, (max-width: 1000px) 600px, 1000px"
  src="{{img_url feature_image size="m"}}"
  alt="{{title}}"
  loading="lazy"
>

Package.json Configuration

Package.json 配置

json

{
  "name": "theme-name",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "engines": {
    "ghost": ">=5.0.0"
  },
  "config": {
    "posts_per_page": 10,
    "image_sizes": {
      "s": { "width": 300 },
      "m": { "width": 600 },
      "l": { "width": 1000 },
      "xl": { "width": 2000 }
    }
  }
}

json

{
  "name": "theme-name",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "engines": {
    "ghost": ">=5.0.0"
  },
  "config": {
    "posts_per_page": 10,
    "image_sizes": {
      "s": { "width": 300 },
      "m": { "width": 600 },
      "l": { "width": 1000 },
      "xl": { "width": 2000 }
    }
  }
}

Testing

测试

Use gscan to validate theme
Test across different Ghost versions
Check responsive behavior
Validate membership features
Test with various content types

使用gscan验证主题
在不同Ghost版本中进行测试
检查响应式表现
验证会员功能
测试各类内容类型