agile
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ChineseAgile Product Management Skill
Agile产品管理技能
Apply agile methodologies to product development and team collaboration. Master sprint planning, backlog management, and continuous improvement.
将敏捷方法论应用于产品开发与团队协作。掌握Sprint规划、待办事项(Backlog)管理与持续改进。
Scrum Framework
Scrum框架
Sprint Cycle (2-week)
Sprint周期(2周)
| Day | Ceremony | Duration | Attendees |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mon | Sprint Planning | 2h | Full team |
| Daily | Standup | 15min | Full team |
| Thu | Design Review | 1h | PM, Design, Eng |
| Fri | Sprint Review | 1h | Full team + stakeholders |
| Fri | Retrospective | 30min | Full team |
| 日期 | 仪式 | 时长 | 参与人员 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 周一 | Sprint规划 | 2小时 | 全体团队成员 |
| 每日 | 站会(Standup) | 15分钟 | 全体团队成员 |
| 周四 | 设计评审 | 1小时 | 产品经理(PM)、设计师、工程师 |
| 周五 | Sprint评审 | 1小时 | 全体团队成员 + 利益相关者 |
| 周五 | 回顾会议(Retrospective) | 30分钟 | 全体团队成员 |
Sprint Planning Template
Sprint规划模板
Sprint Goal: [One sentence describing sprint outcome]
Capacity:
- Team size: 5 engineers
- Working days: 10
- Available points: 40
Selected Stories:
1. [Story A] - 8 points - Owner: Dev1
2. [Story B] - 5 points - Owner: Dev2
3. [Story C] - 13 points - Owner: Dev3
...
Risks:
- [Risk 1]: Mitigation plan
- [Risk 2]: Mitigation plan
Definition of Done:
[ ] Code reviewed
[ ] Tests written
[ ] Documentation updated
[ ] PM acceptedSprint目标: [用一句话描述Sprint成果]
团队产能:
- 团队规模: 5名工程师
- 工作日天数: 10天
- 可用点数: 40
选定的用户故事:
1. [故事A] - 8点 - 负责人: Dev1
2. [故事B] - 5点 - 负责人: Dev2
3. [故事C] - 13点 - 负责人: Dev3
...
风险:
- [风险1]: 缓解方案
- [风险2]: 缓解方案
完成定义:
[ ] 代码已评审
[ ] 已编写测试用例
[ ] 文档已更新
[ ] 产品经理已验收PM in Agile
敏捷中的产品经理(PM)
User Story Format (INVEST)
用户故事格式(INVEST原则)
As a [user type]
I want [action/capability]
So that [benefit/outcome]
Acceptance Criteria:
Given [context]
When [action]
Then [result]作为[用户类型]
我希望[操作/功能]
以便[收益/成果]
验收标准:
给定[场景]
当[执行操作]
则[预期结果]Backlog Grooming
待办事项梳理(Backlog Grooming)
Weekly Grooming (1 hour):
- Review upcoming sprint stories
- Clarify acceptance criteria
- Size/estimate stories
- Identify dependencies
- Reorder by priority
每周梳理(1小时):
- 评审下一个Sprint的用户故事
- 明确验收标准
- 估算用户故事规模
- 识别依赖关系
- 按优先级重新排序
Story Points Guide
故事点数指南
| Points | Complexity | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trivial | Config change |
| 2 | Small | Minor UI tweak |
| 3 | Medium | New simple feature |
| 5 | Large | Complex feature |
| 8 | XL | Multiple components |
| 13 | Epic | Should be broken down |
| 点数 | 复杂度 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 极简单 | 配置变更 |
| 2 | 小型 | 轻微UI调整 |
| 3 | 中型 | 新的简单功能 |
| 5 | 大型 | 复杂功能 |
| 8 | 超大型 | 多组件功能 |
| 13 | 史诗级 | 应拆分为更小的故事 |
Kanban
Kanban(看板)
Board Structure
看板结构
| Backlog | To Do | In Progress | Review | Done |
|---------|-------|-------------|--------|------|
| | | | | |
| WIP: - | WIP:3 | WIP: 3 | WIP: 2 | - || 待办事项 | 待处理 | 进行中 | 评审 | 已完成 |
|---------|-------|-------------|--------|------|
| | | | | |
| 在制品限制: - | 在制品限制:3 | 在制品限制: 3 | 在制品限制: 2 | - |Flow Metrics
流程指标
- Lead Time: Request → Done
- Cycle Time: In Progress → Done
- Throughput: Items completed per week
- WIP: Work in progress items
- 前置时间(Lead Time): 需求提出 → 完成
- 周期时间(Cycle Time): 进行中 → 完成
- 吞吐量(Throughput): 每周完成的事项数量
- 在制品(WIP): 正在处理的事项数量
Scaling Agile
敏捷规模化
SAFe Basics
SAFe基础
- Team Level: Scrum teams (5-9 people)
- Program Level: Multiple teams (50-125 people)
- Large Solution: Multiple programs
- Portfolio: Business strategy
- 团队层面: Scrum团队(5-9人)
- 项目群层面: 多个团队(50-125人)
- 大型解决方案层面: 多个项目群
- 组合层面: 业务战略
Cross-Team Coordination
跨团队协调
- Scrum of Scrums: Daily sync between teams
- PI Planning: Quarterly planning event
- System Demo: Integration showcase
- Inspect & Adapt: Quarterly retrospective
- Scrum of Scrums: 团队间每日同步会议
- PI规划: 季度规划活动
- 系统演示: 集成成果展示
- 检视与调整: 季度回顾会议
Troubleshooting
问题排查
Yaygın Hatalar & Çözümler
常见错误与解决方案
| Hata | Olası Sebep | Çözüm |
|---|---|---|
| Sprint overcommitment | Unrealistic capacity | Track velocity, be honest |
| Carryover stories | Scope creep | Stricter acceptance |
| Long standups | Too much detail | Time-box, parking lot |
| No retro action | No ownership | Assign owners, follow up |
| 错误 | 可能原因 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|---|
| Sprint承诺过度 | 产能预估不切实际 | 跟踪交付速度(Velocity),如实评估 |
| 用户故事遗留到下一个Sprint | 范围蔓延 | 严格执行验收标准 |
| 站会时长过长 | 讨论细节过多 | 严格限时,设立“停车场”记录非紧急问题 |
| 回顾会议无行动落地 | 缺乏责任人 | 指定负责人,跟进执行 |
Debug Checklist
调试检查清单
[ ] Sprint goal clearly defined mi?
[ ] Stories properly sized mi?
[ ] WIP limits respected mi?
[ ] Retro actions implemented mi?
[ ] Velocity tracked mi?[ ] Sprint目标是否清晰定义?
[ ] 用户故事是否已合理估算规模?
[ ] 在制品限制是否被遵守?
[ ] 回顾会议的行动项是否已执行?
[ ] 交付速度是否已跟踪?Recovery Procedures
恢复流程
- Sprint Failure → Retrospective deep-dive, reset
- Team Burnout → Reduce scope, add slack time
- Velocity Drop → Investigate blockers, 1:1s
- Sprint失败 → 深度回顾会议,重置规划
- 团队 burnout → 缩减范围,增加缓冲时间
- 交付速度下降 → 调查阻塞因素,开展一对一沟通
Learning Outcomes
学习成果
- Run effective sprints
- Write well-formed user stories
- Manage backlogs efficiently
- Facilitate productive ceremonies
- Track and improve velocity
- 有效开展Sprint
- 撰写规范的用户故事
- 高效管理待办事项
- 组织富有成效的会议仪式
- 跟踪并提升交付速度