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undefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefined#!/usr/bin/env python3#!/usr/bin/env python3inventory = {
'_meta': {'hostvars': {}},
'all': {'hosts': []},
'webservers': {'hosts': []},
'databases': {'hosts': []},
}
for reservation in response['Reservations']:
for instance in reservation['Instances']:
ip = instance['PrivateIpAddress']
tags = {tag['Key']: tag['Value'] for tag in instance.get('Tags', [])}
inventory['all']['hosts'].append(ip)
inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][ip] = {
'ansible_host': ip,
'instance_id': instance['InstanceId'],
'instance_type': instance['InstanceType'],
}
# Group by role tag
role = tags.get('Role', '')
if role in inventory:
inventory[role]['hosts'].append(ip)
return inventoryundefinedinventory = {
'_meta': {'hostvars': {}},
'all': {'hosts': []},
'webservers': {'hosts': []},
'databases': {'hosts': []},
}
for reservation in response['Reservations']:
for instance in reservation['Instances']:
ip = instance['PrivateIpAddress']
tags = {tag['Key']: tag['Value'] for tag in instance.get('Tags', [])}
inventory['all']['hosts'].append(ip)
inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][ip] = {
'ansible_host': ip,
'instance_id': instance['InstanceId'],
'instance_type': instance['InstanceType'],
}
# 按角色标签分组
role = tags.get('Role', '')
if role in inventory:
inventory[role]['hosts'].append(ip)
return inventoryundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefined---
- name: Conditional and loop examples
hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Install package (Debian)
apt:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: present
loop:
- nginx
- postgresql
- redis
when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"
- name: Install package (RedHat)
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: present
loop:
- nginx
- postgresql
- redis
when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
- name: Create users
user:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
state: present
groups: "{{ item.groups }}"
loop:
- { name: 'alice', groups: 'wheel' }
- { name: 'bob', groups: 'users' }
- { name: 'charlie', groups: 'developers' }
- name: Configure services
systemd:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
state: "{{ item.state }}"
enabled: "{{ item.enabled }}"
loop:
- { name: 'nginx', state: 'started', enabled: yes }
- { name: 'postgresql', state: 'started', enabled: yes }
- { name: 'redis', state: 'started', enabled: yes }
- name: Set fact based on condition
set_fact:
environment_type: "{{ 'production' if inventory_hostname in groups['production'] else 'development' }}"
- name: Debug conditional
debug:
msg: "This is a {{ environment_type }} server"---
- name: 条件判断与循环示例
hosts: all
tasks:
- name: 安装软件包（Debian系统）
apt:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: present
loop:
- nginx
- postgresql
- redis
when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"
- name: 安装软件包（RedHat系统）
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: present
loop:
- nginx
- postgresql
- redis
when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
- name: 创建用户
user:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
state: present
groups: "{{ item.groups }}"
loop:
- { name: 'alice', groups: 'wheel' }
- { name: 'bob', groups: 'users' }
- { name: 'charlie', groups: 'developers' }
- name: 配置服务
systemd:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
state: "{{ item.state }}"
enabled: "{{ item.enabled }}"
loop:
- { name: 'nginx', state: 'started', enabled: yes }
- { name: 'postgresql', state: 'started', enabled: yes }
- { name: 'redis', state: 'started', enabled: yes }
- name: 根据条件设置事实变量
set_fact:
environment_type: "{{ 'production' if inventory_hostname in groups['production'] else 'development' }}"
- name: 调试条件结果
debug:
msg: "这是一台{{ environment_type }}服务器"roles/
└── webserver/
├── defaults/
│ └── main.yml # Default variables
├── files/
│ └── app.conf # Static files
├── handlers/
│ └── main.yml # Handlers
├── meta/
│ └── main.yml # Role metadata and dependencies
├── tasks/
│ └── main.yml # Main task list
├── templates/
│ └── nginx.conf.j2 # Jinja2 templates
├── tests/
│ └── test.yml # Role tests
└── vars/
└── main.yml # Role variablesroles/
└── webserver/
├── defaults/
│ └── main.yml # 默认变量
├── files/
│ └── app.conf # 静态文件
├── handlers/
│ └── main.yml # 处理器
├── meta/
│ └── main.yml # 角色元数据与依赖
├── tasks/
│ └── main.yml # 主任务列表
├── templates/
│ └── nginx.conf.j2 # Jinja2模板
├── tests/
│ └── test.yml # 角色测试
└── vars/
└── main.yml # 角色变量undefinedundefinedserver {
listen {{ nginx_port }};
server_name {{ ansible_hostname }};
root {{ document_root }};
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}server {
listen {{ nginx_port }};
server_name {{ ansible_hostname }};
root {{ document_root }};
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}undefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedundefined{# templates/app.conf.j2 #}{# templates/app.conf.j2 #}undefinedundefined---
- name: Variable examples
hosts: all
vars:
app_name: myapp
app_version: 1.0.0
vars_files:
- vars/common.yml
- "vars/{{ environment }}.yml"
tasks:
- name: Load variables from file
include_vars:
file: "vars/{{ ansible_distribution }}.yml"
- name: Set fact
set_fact:
full_app_name: "{{ app_name }}-{{ app_version }}"
- name: Register output
command: hostname
register: hostname_output
- name: Use registered variable
debug:
msg: "Hostname is {{ hostname_output.stdout }}"
- name: Access facts
debug:
msg: |
OS: {{ ansible_distribution }} {{ ansible_distribution_version }}
Kernel: {{ ansible_kernel }}
CPU: {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }} cores
Memory: {{ ansible_memtotal_mb }} MB
IP: {{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}---
- name: 变量使用示例
hosts: all
vars:
app_name: myapp
app_version: 1.0.0
vars_files:
- vars/common.yml
- "vars/{{ environment }}.yml"
tasks:
- name: 从文件加载变量
include_vars:
file: "vars/{{ ansible_distribution }}.yml"
- name: 设置事实变量
set_fact:
full_app_name: "{{ app_name }}-{{ app_version }}"
- name: 注册命令输出
command: hostname
register: hostname_output
- name: 使用注册的变量
debug:
msg: "主机名是{{ hostname_output.stdout }}"
- name: 访问主机事实
debug:
msg: |
操作系统: {{ ansible_distribution }} {{ ansible_distribution_version }}
内核: {{ ansible_kernel }}
CPU: {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }}核
内存: {{ ansible_memtotal_mb }} MB
IP地址: {{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}---
- name: Error handling examples
hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Task that might fail
command: /bin/false
ignore_errors: yes
- name: Task with custom error handling
block:
- name: Try to start service
systemd:
name: myapp
state: started
rescue:
- name: Log error
debug:
msg: "Failed to start myapp"
- name: Try alternative
systemd:
name: myapp-fallback
state: started
always:
- name: This always runs
debug:
msg: "Cleanup task"
- name: Assert condition
assert:
that:
- ansible_memtotal_mb >= 2048
- ansible_processor_vcpus >= 2
fail_msg: "Server does not meet minimum requirements"
- name: Fail when condition
fail:
msg: "Production deployment requires version tag"
when:
- environment == 'production'
- app_version == 'latest'
- name: Changed when condition
command: /usr/local/bin/check_status.sh
register: result
changed_when: "'updated' in result.stdout"
failed_when: result.rc not in [0, 2]---
- name: 错误处理示例
hosts: all
tasks:
- name: 可能失败的任务
command: /bin/false
ignore_errors: yes
- name: 自定义错误处理任务
block:
- name: 尝试启动服务
systemd:
name: myapp
state: started
rescue:
- name: 记录错误信息
debug:
msg: "启动myapp失败"
- name: 尝试备选方案
systemd:
name: myapp-fallback
state: started
always:
- name: 始终执行的任务
debug:
msg: "清理任务"
- name: 断言条件
assert:
that:
- ansible_memtotal_mb >= 2048
- ansible_processor_vcpus >= 2
fail_msg: "服务器不满足最低要求"
- name: 满足条件时触发失败
fail:
msg: "生产环境部署需要版本标签"
when:
- environment == 'production'
- app_version == 'latest'
- name: 自定义变更条件
command: /usr/local/bin/check_status.sh
register: result
changed_when: "'updated' in result.stdout"
failed_when: result.rc not in [0, 2]undefinedundefined
```yaml
```yaml
```bash
```bashundefinedundefinedansible-project/
├── ansible.cfg
├── inventory/
│ ├── production/
│ │ ├── hosts.yml
│ │ └── group_vars/
│ └── staging/
│ ├── hosts.yml
│ └── group_vars/
├── playbooks/
│ ├── site.yml
│ ├── webservers.yml
│ └── databases.yml
├── roles/
│ ├── common/
│ ├── nginx/
│ └── postgresql/
├── group_vars/
│ ├── all.yml
│ └── webservers.yml
├── host_vars/
└── files/ansible-project/
├── ansible.cfg
├── inventory/
│ ├── production/
│ │ ├── hosts.yml
│ │ └── group_vars/
│ └── staging/
│ ├── hosts.yml
│ └── group_vars/
├── playbooks/
│ ├── site.yml
│ ├── webservers.yml
│ └── databases.yml
├── roles/
│ ├── common/
│ ├── nginx/
│ └── postgresql/
├── group_vars/
│ ├── all.yml
│ └── webservers.yml
├── host_vars/
└── files/undefinedundefinedundefinedundefinedstrategy: freeasyncserialundefinedstrategy: freeasyncserialundefinedundefinedundefinedno_log: yesbecomeno_log: yesbecomeundefinedundefined
```yaml
```yamlundefinedundefined