typography
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English🇨🇳
Translation
ChineseTypography
排版设计
Professional typography for user interfaces.
面向用户界面的专业排版指南。
Output Contract
输出规范
—
字体系统建议输出格式:
For type system recommendations:
markdown
undefinedmarkdown
undefinedType System
字体系统
Scale
比例设置
- Base: [size, e.g., 16px]
- Ratio: [e.g., Minor Third 1.200]
- Rationale: [why this ratio]
- 基础字号: [例如:16px]
- 比例系数: [例如:小三度 1.200]
- 设计理由: [选择该比例的原因]
Hierarchy
层级结构
| Level | Size | Weight | Line Height | Letter Spacing | Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Display | ... | ... | ... | ... | Hero, marketing |
| H1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | Page titles |
| H2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | Section heads |
| Body | ... | ... | ... | ... | Paragraphs |
| Small | ... | ... | ... | ... | Captions, labels |
| 层级 | 字号 | 字重 | 行高 | 字符间距 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 展示级标题 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 首页横幅、营销板块 |
| H1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 页面标题 |
| H2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 板块标题 |
| 正文 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 段落文本 |
| 辅助文本 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 说明文字、标签 |
Fonts
字体选择
- Primary: [font] - [rationale]
- Secondary: [font, if applicable]
- Mono: [font, if applicable]
- 主字体: [字体名称] - [选择理由]
- 次字体: [字体名称(可选)]
- 等宽字体: [字体名称(可选)]
Implementation
实现代码
css
/* Ready-to-use CSS variables */
For typography audits:
```markdowncss
/* 可直接使用的CSS变量 */undefinedTypography Audit
排版审计输出格式:
Issues
—
| Element | Problem | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| ... | ... | ... |
markdown
undefinedQuick Wins
排版审计
—
问题清单
- [Immediate improvement 1]
- [Immediate improvement 2]
undefined| 元素 | 问题 | 优化建议 |
|---|---|---|
| ... | ... | ... |
Core Principles
快速优化点
Hierarchy & Structure
—
- Establish clear visual hierarchy through size, weight, and spacing
- Limit to 3-4 distinct heading levels in practice
- Use weight contrast (not just size) to differentiate levels
- Maintain consistent hierarchy patterns across the application
- [可立即实施的优化项1]
- [可立即实施的优化项2]
undefinedReadability First
核心原则
—
层级与结构
- Optimize for scanning: users read in F-patterns
- Left-align body text (centered only for short, formal text)
- Ensure sufficient contrast (4.5:1 minimum, 7:1 preferred)
- Test with real content, not lorem ipsum
- 通过字号、字重和间距建立清晰的视觉层级
- 实际应用中限制使用3-4个不同的标题层级
- 利用字重对比(而非仅依靠字号)区分层级
- 在整个应用中保持一致的层级模式
Restraint & Consistency
可读性优先
- Use 1-2 font families maximum (one serif, one sans-serif if pairing)
- Establish a type scale and stick to it
- Avoid decorative fonts for functional UI text
- Let whitespace do the work; resist the urge to fill
- 优化文本以适配用户的F型阅读模式
- 正文文本采用左对齐(仅短篇幅正式文本可居中)
- 确保足够的对比度(最低4.5:1,推荐7:1)
- 使用真实内容而非占位文本进行测试
Type Scales
克制与一致性
Modular Scales
—
Common ratios for harmonious sizing:
- Minor Second (1.067): Subtle, conservative
- Major Second (1.125): Gentle, professional
- Minor Third (1.200): Balanced, versatile
- Major Third (1.250): Bold, impactful
- Perfect Fourth (1.333): Strong hierarchy
- Golden Ratio (1.618): Dramatic, editorial
- 最多使用1-2种字体族(如需搭配,可选择一种衬线体+一种无衬线体)
- 建立字体比例并严格遵循
- 功能性UI文本避免使用装饰性字体
- 合理运用留白,避免过度填充
Practical Scale (Minor Third, base 16px)
字体比例
—
模块化比例
text-xs: 12px (0.75rem)
text-sm: 14px (0.875rem)
text-base: 16px (1rem)
text-lg: 18px (1.125rem)
text-xl: 20px (1.25rem)
text-2xl: 24px (1.5rem)
text-3xl: 30px (1.875rem)
text-4xl: 36px (2.25rem)
text-5xl: 48px (3rem)打造和谐字号的常用比例:
- 小二度 (1.067): 细微、保守
- 大二度 (1.125): 温和、专业
- 小三度 (1.200): 平衡、通用
- 大三度 (1.250): 醒目、有冲击力
- 纯四度 (1.333): 层级分明
- 黄金比例 (1.618): 富有张力、适合编辑类内容
When to Deviate
实用比例示例(小三度,基础字号16px)
- Marketing/hero sections can use larger jumps
- Dense data interfaces may need tighter scales
- Mobile often requires slightly larger base sizes
text-xs: 12px (0.75rem)
text-sm: 14px (0.875rem)
text-base: 16px (1rem)
text-lg: 18px (1.125rem)
text-xl: 20px (1.25rem)
text-2xl: 24px (1.5rem)
text-3xl: 30px (1.875rem)
text-4xl: 36px (2.25rem)
text-5xl: 48px (3rem)Measure (Line Length)
特殊场景调整
Optimal Ranges
—
- Body text: 45-75 characters (66 ideal)
- Short-form: 40-60 characters
- Wide layouts: Use columns or max-width constraints
- Mobile: Full width is acceptable due to narrow viewport
- 营销/横幅板块可使用更大的字号跨度
- 数据密集型界面可能需要更紧凑的比例
- 移动端通常需要稍大的基础字号
Implementation
行宽(Line Length)
—
最优范围
css
/* Tailwind equivalents */
max-w-prose /* ~65ch */
max-w-2xl /* 672px, good for articles */
max-w-xl /* 576px, compact content */- 正文文本: 45-75个字符(理想值66)
- 短文本: 40-60个字符
- 宽屏布局: 使用分栏或最大宽度限制
- 移动端: 由于视口较窄,可使用全宽
Multi-Column Considerations
实现方式
- Narrower columns = shorter measure acceptable
- Gutters should be at least 20px (1.25rem)
- Avoid orphaned words at column breaks
css
/* Tailwind 等效类 */
max-w-prose /* ~65ch */
max-w-2xl /* 672px,适合文章内容 */
max-w-xl /* 576px,适合紧凑内容 */Line Height (Leading)
多栏布局注意事项
Guidelines by Context
—
- Body text: 1.5-1.7 (generous for readability)
- Headings: 1.1-1.3 (tighter, especially large sizes)
- UI labels: 1.2-1.4 (compact but legible)
- Buttons: 1.0-1.25 (single line, tight)
- 栏宽越窄,可接受的行宽越短
- 栏间距至少为20px (1.25rem)
- 避免栏尾出现孤立单词
Adjustments
行高(Leading)
—
场景化指南
- Increase line height for wider measure
- Decrease for larger type sizes
- Consider the x-height of the typeface
- Dark mode may benefit from slightly more leading
- 正文文本: 1.5-1.7(宽松行高提升可读性)
- 标题: 1.1-1.3(紧凑行高,大字号标题尤其如此)
- UI标签: 1.2-1.4(紧凑但清晰)
- 按钮文本: 1.0-1.25(单行文本,紧凑排列)
Letter Spacing (Tracking)
调整策略
General Rules
—
- Body text: Default (0) or very slight increase
- All caps: Always add positive tracking (+0.05em to +0.1em)
- Large headings: Slight negative tracking (-0.01em to -0.02em)
- Small text: Slight positive tracking for legibility
- 行宽越宽,行高应越大
- 字号越大,行高应越小
- 考虑字体的x高度(小写字母的高度)
- 深色模式下可适当增加行高
Tailwind Classes
字符间距(Tracking)
—
通用规则
tracking-tighter: -0.05em
tracking-tight: -0.025em
tracking-normal: 0
tracking-wide: 0.025em
tracking-wider: 0.05em
tracking-widest: 0.1em- 正文文本: 使用默认值(0)或轻微增大
- 全大写文本: 务必增加正向间距(+0.05em至+0.1em)
- 大字号标题: 轻微缩小间距(-0.01em至-0.02em)
- 小字号文本: 轻微增大间距以提升可读性
All-Caps Text
Tailwind 类名
- Always use or
uppercase tracking-widetracking-wider - Keep short (1-3 words ideal)
- Common for labels, category tags, eyebrow text
tracking-tighter: -0.05em
tracking-tight: -0.025em
tracking-normal: 0
tracking-wide: 0.025em
tracking-wider: 0.05em
tracking-widest: 0.1emFont Selection
全大写文本规范
System Font Stacks
—
Performant and native-feeling:
css
/* Sans-serif (modern) */
font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji";
/* Serif */
font-family: ui-serif, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", serif;
/* Monospace */
font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;- 始终搭配 或
uppercase tracking-widetracking-wider - 文本长度控制在1-3个单词为宜
- 常用于标签、分类标识、眉题文本
Web Font Considerations
字体选择
—
系统字体栈
- Limit to 2-3 weights per family (400, 500/600, 700)
- Use for performance
font-display: swap - Variable fonts reduce file size for multiple weights
- Self-host for privacy and reliability
性能优异且贴合原生体验:
css
/* 无衬线体(现代风格) */
font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji";
/* 衬线体 */
font-family: ui-serif, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", serif;
/* 等宽体 */
font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;Pairing Principles
Web字体注意事项
- Pair by contrast (serif + sans-serif)
- Match x-height for visual harmony
- Use one font for headings, one for body
- Ensure both have needed weights/styles
- 每个字体族限制使用2-3种字重(400, 500/600, 700)
- 使用 优化性能
font-display: swap - 可变字体可减少多字重场景下的文件体积
- 优先选择自托管以保障隐私与可靠性
Safe Recommendations
字体搭配原则
- Sans-serif: Inter, Source Sans Pro, Open Sans, Work Sans
- Serif: Source Serif Pro, Lora, Merriweather, Literata
- Monospace: JetBrains Mono, Fira Code, Source Code Pro
- 通过对比搭配(衬线体+无衬线体)
- 匹配x高度以实现视觉和谐
- 一种字体用于标题,另一种用于正文
- 确保两种字体都具备所需的字重与样式
Paragraph Spacing
安全推荐字体
Between Paragraphs
—
- Use margin-bottom equal to line-height or slightly more
- Typically 1em to 1.5em between paragraphs
- First paragraph after heading: reduced or no top margin
- 无衬线体: Inter, Source Sans Pro, Open Sans, Work Sans
- 衬线体: Source Serif Pro, Lora, Merriweather, Literata
- 等宽体: JetBrains Mono, Fira Code, Source Code Pro
Between Sections
段落间距
—
段落之间
- 2-3x paragraph spacing between major sections
- Use consistent spacing tokens from design system
- Consider visual grouping via proximity
- 段间距设置为行高或略大于行高
- 通常为1em至1.5em
- 标题后的第一段可减少或取消上边距
Typographic Details
板块之间
Quotation Marks
—
- Use curly quotes (" " ' ') not straight quotes (" ')
- Proper apostrophes: it's, don't, '90s
- Consider the locale (French guillemets, German quotes)
- 主要板块之间的间距为段落间距的2-3倍
- 使用设计系统中统一的间距变量
- 通过视觉邻近性实现内容分组
Dashes
排版细节
—
引号
- Hyphen (-): Word breaks, compound words
- En dash (–): Ranges (2020–2024), relationships (New York–London)
- Em dash (—): Parenthetical statements, emphasis
- 使用弯引号(" " ' ')而非直引号(" ')
- 正确使用撇号:it's, don't, '90s
- 考虑地区差异(如法语的 guillemets、德语的引号)
Numbers
破折号
- Use tabular (monospace) figures in tables for alignment
- Use proportional figures in body text
- Consider old-style figures for editorial content
- 连字符 (-): 单词换行、复合词
- 短破折号 (–): 表示范围(2020–2024)、关联关系(New York–London)
- 长破折号 (—): 插入语、强调内容
Ellipsis
数字
- Use proper ellipsis character (…) not three periods
- Add thin space before/after in formal typography
- 表格中使用等宽数字实现对齐
- 正文中使用比例数字
- 编辑类内容可考虑使用老式数字
Responsive Typography
省略号
Fluid Type
—
Scale font sizes smoothly between breakpoints:
css
/* clamp(min, preferred, max) */
font-size: clamp(1rem, 0.5rem + 1.5vw, 1.5rem);- 使用标准省略号字符(…)而非三个句号
- 正式排版中可在前后添加窄空格
Breakpoint Adjustments
响应式排版
—
流式字体
- Increase base size slightly on mobile (17-18px)
- Reduce heading scale on mobile
- Increase line height for small screens
- Reduce measure on tablets (prose can feel too wide)
在断点之间平滑缩放字号:
css
/* clamp(最小值, 首选值, 最大值) */
font-size: clamp(1rem, 0.5rem + 1.5vw, 1.5rem);Touch Targets
断点调整
- Minimum 44x44px for tappable text elements
- Generous padding around links in body text
- Avoid text-only targets without visual indication
- 移动端可适当增大基础字号(17-18px)
- 移动端缩小标题的比例跨度
- 小屏幕设备增大行高
- 平板设备缩小行宽(避免正文过宽)
Dark Mode Typography
触摸目标
Adjustments
—
- Reduce font weight slightly (medium instead of semibold)
- Increase letter spacing marginally
- Consider warmer white (#f5f5f5) over pure white (#fff)
- Increase line height by ~0.1 for perceived lightness
- 可点击文本元素的最小尺寸为44x44px
- 正文链接周围保留充足内边距
- 避免使用无视觉标识的纯文本可点击目标
Contrast Considerations
深色模式排版
—
调整策略
- Pure white on pure black is harsh; soften both
- Aim for 10:1 to 15:1 contrast in dark mode
- Test with actual users; perceived contrast differs
- 轻微降低字重(由半粗体改为中等字重)
- 略微增大字符间距
- 优先选择暖白色(#f5f5f5)而非纯白色(#fff)
- 行高增加约0.1以提升视觉轻盈感
Accessibility
对比度注意事项
Font Size Minimums
—
- Body text: 16px minimum (don't go below)
- Secondary text: 14px minimum, 12px absolute floor
- Legal/caption: 12px with increased tracking
- 纯黑背景搭配纯白文本过于刺眼,需适当柔化
- 深色模式下目标对比度为10:1至15:1
- 结合真实用户测试;感知对比度与实际数值存在差异
User Preferences
可访问性
—
最小字号要求
- Respect from browser settings
font-size - Use relative units (rem) not fixed (px) for text
- Provide text scaling options for dense UIs
- 正文文本: 最小16px(不得更小)
- 辅助文本: 最小14px,绝对下限12px
- 法律文本/说明文字: 12px并增大字符间距
Dyslexia Considerations
用户偏好适配
- Avoid justified text
- Prefer sans-serif with distinct letterforms
- Generous line height and paragraph spacing
- OpenDyslexic as optional font choice
- 尊重浏览器设置中的 配置
font-size - 使用相对单位(rem)而非固定单位(px)设置文本
- 为密集型UI提供文本缩放选项
Common Mistakes
阅读障碍适配
Avoid
—
- All-caps body text or long headings
- Centered body paragraphs
- Line length over 80 characters
- Insufficient contrast for "aesthetic" reasons
- Mixing too many font families
- Decorative fonts for UI text
- Justified text on the web (causes rivers)
- Tiny gray text on white backgrounds
- 避免两端对齐文本
- 优先选择字母形态区分度高的无衬线体
- 采用宽松的行高与段落间距
- 提供OpenDyslexic字体作为可选方案
Watch For
常见错误
—
需避免
- Orphans and widows in prominent text
- Inconsistent heading hierarchy
- Missing font fallbacks
- Layout shift from web font loading
- Underlined text that isn't a link
- 正文或长标题使用全大写
- 正文段落居中对齐
- 行宽超过80个字符
- 为了"美观"牺牲足够的对比度
- 混合使用过多字体族
- 功能性UI文本使用装饰性字体
- 网页中使用两端对齐文本(会导致文本河流)
- 白色背景上使用极小的灰色文本
—
需要注意
—
- 重要文本中出现孤立单词(孤儿词与寡妇词)
- 标题层级不一致
- 缺少字体降级方案
- 网页字体加载导致布局偏移
- 非链接文本添加下划线