performance-management

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Performance Management Skill

绩效管理技能

Purpose

目的

Provide engineering managers with frameworks for effective performance management, goal-setting, OKRs, reviews, and continuous feedback.
为工程经理提供有效的绩效管理、目标设定、OKR、绩效评估及持续反馈的框架。

Primary Bond

主要关联

Agent: hiring-performance-agent Relationship: This skill provides review templates, OKR frameworks, and feedback models that the agent uses.

Agent: hiring-performance-agent 关系: 本技能提供该Agent使用的评估模板、OKR框架及反馈模型。

Templates

模板

OKR Template

OKR模板

yaml
okr_template:
  metadata:
    owner: "{Name}"
    quarter: "{Q1 2025}"
    created: "{Date}"
    last_reviewed: "{Date}"

  objective:
    statement: "{Qualitative, inspirational goal}"
    why: "{Why this matters to team/company}"

  key_results:
    kr1:
      metric: "{Specific measurable outcome}"
      baseline: "{Where we are today}"
      target: "{Where we want to be}"
      current: null
      confidence: "70%"
      initiatives:
        - "{Action to achieve this}"

    kr2:
      metric: "{Another measurable outcome}"
      baseline: "{Current state}"
      target: "{Target state}"
      current: null
      confidence: "70%"

    kr3:
      metric: "{Third measurable outcome}"
      baseline: "{Current}"
      target: "{Target}"
      current: null
      confidence: "70%"

  scoring:
    "0.0-0.3": "Failed to make progress"
    "0.4-0.6": "Made progress but fell short"
    "0.7-0.9": "Delivered (target zone)"
    "1.0": "Fully achieved (might not have been ambitious enough)"

  review_cadence:
    weekly: "Quick progress check"
    monthly: "Deep review, adjust if needed"
    quarterly: "Final scoring and retrospective"
yaml
okr_template:
  metadata:
    owner: "{Name}"
    quarter: "{Q1 2025}"
    created: "{Date}"
    last_reviewed: "{Date}"

  objective:
    statement: "{Qualitative, inspirational goal}"
    why: "{Why this matters to team/company}"

  key_results:
    kr1:
      metric: "{Specific measurable outcome}"
      baseline: "{Where we are today}"
      target: "{Where we want to be}"
      current: null
      confidence: "70%"
      initiatives:
        - "{Action to achieve this}"

    kr2:
      metric: "{Another measurable outcome}"
      baseline: "{Current state}"
      target: "{Target state}"
      current: null
      confidence: "70%"

    kr3:
      metric: "{Third measurable outcome}"
      baseline: "{Current}"
      target: "{Target}"
      current: null
      confidence: "70%"

  scoring:
    "0.0-0.3": "Failed to make progress"
    "0.4-0.6": "Made progress but fell short"
    "0.7-0.9": "Delivered (target zone)"
    "1.0": "Fully achieved (might not have been ambitious enough)"

  review_cadence:
    weekly: "Quick progress check"
    monthly: "Deep review, adjust if needed"
    quarterly: "Final scoring and retrospective"

Performance Review Template

绩效评估模板

yaml
performance_review:
  metadata:
    employee: "{Name}"
    level: "{Current level}"
    manager: "{Manager name}"
    review_period: "{Date range}"
    review_date: "{Date}"

  overall_rating:
    scale: "[1-5]"
    rating: null
    summary: ""

  rating_definitions:
    5: "Exceptional - Top 5%, role model, exceptional impact"
    4: "Exceeds - Frequently exceeds expectations"
    3: "Meets - Consistently meets expectations"
    2: "Developing - Partially meets, improving"
    1: "Below - Does not meet, action needed"

  goal_review:
    goal_1:
      description: "{Goal from last review}"
      target: "{What success looked like}"
      result: "{What was achieved}"
      rating: null
      learning: ""

    goal_2:
      description: ""
      target: ""
      result: ""
      rating: null

  competency_assessment:
    technical_excellence:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

    collaboration:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

    communication:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

    ownership:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

    impact:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

  peer_feedback_summary:
    themes: []
    quotes: []

  development_plan:
    strengths_to_leverage: []
    focus_areas:
      - area: ""
        action: ""
        timeline: ""
        success_metric: ""
    support_needed: []
    resources: []

  next_period_goals:
    goal_1:
      description: ""
      success_criteria: ""
      alignment: ""

  career_discussion:
    aspirations: ""
    timeline_to_next_level: ""
    gaps_to_address: []
yaml
performance_review:
  metadata:
    employee: "{Name}"
    level: "{Current level}"
    manager: "{Manager name}"
    review_period: "{Date range}"
    review_date: "{Date}"

  overall_rating:
    scale: "[1-5]"
    rating: null
    summary: ""

  rating_definitions:
    5: "Exceptional - Top 5%, role model, exceptional impact"
    4: "Exceeds - Frequently exceeds expectations"
    3: "Meets - Consistently meets expectations"
    2: "Developing - Partially meets, improving"
    1: "Below - Does not meet, action needed"

  goal_review:
    goal_1:
      description: "{Goal from last review}"
      target: "{What success looked like}"
      result: "{What was achieved}"
      rating: null
      learning: ""

    goal_2:
      description: ""
      target: ""
      result: ""
      rating: null

  competency_assessment:
    technical_excellence:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

    collaboration:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

    communication:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

    ownership:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

    impact:
      rating: null
      strengths: []
      growth_areas: []
      evidence: ""

  peer_feedback_summary:
    themes: []
    quotes: []

  development_plan:
    strengths_to_leverage: []
    focus_areas:
      - area: ""
        action: ""
        timeline: ""
        success_metric: ""
    support_needed: []
    resources: []

  next_period_goals:
    goal_1:
      description: ""
      success_criteria: ""
      alignment: ""

  career_discussion:
    aspirations: ""
    timeline_to_next_level: ""
    gaps_to_address: []

Continuous Feedback (SBI Model)

持续反馈(SBI Model)

yaml
sbi_feedback:
  model:
    situation: "In {specific context/meeting/moment}..."
    behavior: "I observed/noticed {specific observable behavior}..."
    impact: "The impact was {effect on team/project/individual}..."

  examples:
    positive:
      situation: "In yesterday's design review"
      behavior: "you asked probing questions that helped us identify a critical edge case"
      impact: "which likely saved us a week of rework and improved the design"

    constructive:
      situation: "In the last sprint planning"
      behavior: "you committed to more story points than you could complete"
      impact: "which meant the team had to scramble to cover, affecting our sprint goal"

  best_practices:
    - "Be specific (not 'you're doing great' but 'your documentation was thorough')"
    - "Be timely (within 48 hours of the event)"
    - "Focus on behavior (not personality)"
    - "Be balanced (both positive and constructive)"
    - "Make it a conversation (not a lecture)"
yaml
sbi_feedback:
  model:
    situation: "In {specific context/meeting/moment}..."
    behavior: "I observed/noticed {specific observable behavior}..."
    impact: "The impact was {effect on team/project/individual}..."

  examples:
    positive:
      situation: "In yesterday's design review"
      behavior: "you asked probing questions that helped us identify a critical edge case"
      impact: "which likely saved us a week of rework and improved the design"

    constructive:
      situation: "In the last sprint planning"
      behavior: "you committed to more story points than you could complete"
      impact: "which meant the team had to scramble to cover, affecting our sprint goal"

  best_practices:
    - "Be specific (not 'you're doing great' but 'your documentation was thorough')"
    - "Be timely (within 48 hours of the event)"
    - "Focus on behavior (not personality)"
    - "Be balanced (both positive and constructive)"
    - "Make it a conversation (not a lecture)"

Performance Improvement Plan (PIP)

绩效改进计划(PIP)

yaml
performance_improvement_plan:
  metadata:
    employee: "{Name}"
    manager: "{Name}"
    hr_partner: "{Name}"
    start_date: "{Date}"
    end_date: "{Date}"
    duration: "{30/60/90 days}"

  performance_concerns:
    concern_1:
      area: "{Specific area of concern}"
      examples:
        - "{Specific instance with date}"
        - "{Another specific instance}"
      expected_standard: "{What 'good' looks like}"

    concern_2:
      area: ""
      examples: []
      expected_standard: ""

  improvement_goals:
    goal_1:
      description: "{Specific, measurable improvement}"
      success_criteria: "{How we'll know it's achieved}"
      timeline: "{When by}"
      support_provided: "{Training, mentoring, etc.}"

    goal_2:
      description: ""
      success_criteria: ""
      timeline: ""
      support_provided: ""

  check_in_schedule:
    - date: "{Week 1}"
      focus: "{Initial check-in}"
    - date: "{Week 2}"
      focus: "{Progress review}"
    - date: "{Midpoint}"
      focus: "{Formal midpoint review}"
    - date: "{Final}"
      focus: "{Final evaluation}"

  outcomes:
    successful: "Return to good standing, continue employment"
    unsuccessful: "Separation from company"

  acknowledgement:
    employee_signature: ""
    manager_signature: ""
    date: ""

yaml
performance_improvement_plan:
  metadata:
    employee: "{Name}"
    manager: "{Name}"
    hr_partner: "{Name}"
    start_date: "{Date}"
    end_date: "{Date}"
    duration: "{30/60/90 days}"

  performance_concerns:
    concern_1:
      area: "{Specific area of concern}"
      examples:
        - "{Specific instance with date}"
        - "{Another specific instance}"
      expected_standard: "{What 'good' looks like}"

    concern_2:
      area: ""
      examples: []
      expected_standard: ""

  improvement_goals:
    goal_1:
      description: "{Specific, measurable improvement}"
      success_criteria: "{How we'll know it's achieved}"
      timeline: "{When by}"
      support_provided: "{Training, mentoring, etc.}"

    goal_2:
      description: ""
      success_criteria: ""
      timeline: ""
      support_provided: ""

  check_in_schedule:
    - date: "{Week 1}"
      focus: "{Initial check-in}"
    - date: "{Week 2}"
      focus: "{Progress review}"
    - date: "{Midpoint}"
      focus: "{Formal midpoint review}"
    - date: "{Final}"
      focus: "{Final evaluation}"

  outcomes:
    successful: "Return to good standing, continue employment"
    unsuccessful: "Separation from company"

  acknowledgement:
    employee_signature: ""
    manager_signature: ""
    date: ""

Decision Trees

决策树

Rating Calibration

评级校准

Individual assessment complete
|
+-- Compare to level expectations
|   +-- Exceeds level consistently? -> Consider 4 or 5
|   +-- Meets level consistently? -> 3
|   +-- Below level? -> 2 or below
|
+-- Compare to peers at same level
|   +-- Top quartile? -> Lean toward 4+
|   +-- Middle half? -> Likely 3
|   +-- Bottom quartile? -> Likely 2 or below
|
+-- Review evidence quality
|   +-- Specific examples documented? -> Trust rating
|   +-- Vague or missing? -> Reconsider, gather more
|
+-- Final calibration with peers
    +-- Adjust for consistency across org
Individual assessment complete
|
+-- Compare to level expectations
|   +-- Exceeds level consistently? -> Consider 4 or 5
|   +-- Meets level consistently? -> 3
|   +-- Below level? -> 2 or below
|
+-- Compare to peers at same level
|   +-- Top quartile? -> Lean toward 4+
|   +-- Middle half? -> Likely 3
|   +-- Bottom quartile? -> Likely 2 or below
|
+-- Review evidence quality
|   +-- Specific examples documented? -> Trust rating
|   +-- Vague or missing? -> Reconsider, gather more
|
+-- Final calibration with peers
    +-- Adjust for consistency across org

When to Start PIP

何时启动PIP

Performance concern identified
|
+-- Is this a new issue?
|   +-- Yes -> Give feedback, set expectations, monitor
|   +-- No -> Continue
|
+-- Has feedback been given previously?
|   +-- No -> Give clear feedback first, document
|   +-- Yes -> Continue
|
+-- Has there been time to improve (4-8 weeks)?
|   +-- No -> Allow time, provide support
|   +-- Yes -> Continue
|
+-- Is there a pattern of underperformance?
|   +-- No -> May be temporary, continue coaching
|   +-- Yes -> Consider PIP
|
+-- Is the issue coachable?
    +-- Yes -> Start PIP with clear goals
    +-- No -> May need immediate action (HR consult)

Performance concern identified
|
+-- Is this a new issue?
|   +-- Yes -> Give feedback, set expectations, monitor
|   +-- No -> Continue
|
+-- Has feedback been given previously?
|   +-- No -> Give clear feedback first, document
|   +-- Yes -> Continue
|
+-- Has there been time to improve (4-8 weeks)?
|   +-- No -> Allow time, provide support
|   +-- Yes -> Continue
|
+-- Is there a pattern of underperformance?
|   +-- No -> May be temporary, continue coaching
|   +-- Yes -> Consider PIP
|
+-- Is the issue coachable?
    +-- Yes -> Start PIP with clear goals
    +-- No -> May need immediate action (HR consult)

Anti-Patterns

反模式

yaml
anti_patterns:
  recency_bias:
    symptom: "Only remembering last month of performance"
    remedy:
      - "Keep running notes throughout period"
      - "Review goals quarterly"
      - "Collect feedback continuously"

  rating_inflation:
    symptom: "Everyone is 'exceeds expectations'"
    remedy:
      - "Calibration sessions"
      - "Distribution guidelines"
      - "Manager training"

  surprise_reviews:
    symptom: "First time hearing about issues at review"
    remedy:
      - "Continuous feedback culture"
      - "Monthly check-ins on goals"
      - "No surprises rule"

  personality_focus:
    symptom: "Rating the person, not the work"
    remedy:
      - "Evidence-based reviews"
      - "Specific examples required"
      - "Behavior focus"

yaml
anti_patterns:
  recency_bias:
    symptom: "Only remembering last month of performance"
    remedy:
      - "Keep running notes throughout period"
      - "Review goals quarterly"
      - "Collect feedback continuously"

  rating_inflation:
    symptom: "Everyone is 'exceeds expectations'"
    remedy:
      - "Calibration sessions"
      - "Distribution guidelines"
      - "Manager training"

  surprise_reviews:
    symptom: "First time hearing about issues at review"
    remedy:
      - "Continuous feedback culture"
      - "Monthly check-ins on goals"
      - "No surprises rule"

  personality_focus:
    symptom: "Rating the person, not the work"
    remedy:
      - "Evidence-based reviews"
      - "Specific examples required"
      - "Behavior focus"

Quick Reference Cards

快速参考卡

Goal-Setting (SMART)

目标设定(SMART原则)

S - Specific: Clear and well-defined
M - Measurable: Quantifiable outcomes
A - Achievable: Realistic but challenging
R - Relevant: Aligned with team/company goals
T - Time-bound: Clear deadline

Example:
Bad: "Improve code quality"
Good: "Reduce production incidents by 30% in Q2
       by implementing automated testing for
       critical paths, measured by PagerDuty data"
S - Specific: Clear and well-defined
M - Measurable: Quantifiable outcomes
A - Achievable: Realistic but challenging
R - Relevant: Aligned with team/company goals
T - Time-bound: Clear deadline

Example:
Bad: "Improve code quality"
Good: "Reduce production incidents by 30% in Q2
       by implementing automated testing for
       critical paths, measured by PagerDuty data"

Feedback Frequency

反馈频率

TypeCadenceFormat
Quick praiseDailySlack/in-person
ConstructiveWithin 48h of eventPrivate 1-on-1
Goal progressWeekly in 1-on-1Documented
Formal reviewSemi-annualWritten + meeting
TypeCadenceFormat
Quick praiseDailySlack/in-person
ConstructiveWithin 48h of eventPrivate 1-on-1
Goal progressWeekly in 1-on-1Documented
Formal reviewSemi-annualWritten + meeting

Distribution Guidelines

评级分布指南

RatingTarget %Description
5~5%Exceptional, role model
4~20%Exceeds consistently
3~50%Meets expectations fully
2~20%Developing, improving
1~5%Below, needs action

RatingTarget %Description
5~5%Exceptional, role model
4~20%Exceeds consistently
3~50%Meets expectations fully
2~20%Developing, improving
1~5%Below, needs action

Troubleshooting

故障排查

ProblemRoot CauseSolution
Goals not achievedUnclear or unrealisticUse SMART, check in weekly
Surprises at reviewNo ongoing feedbackContinuous feedback culture
Rating disagreementsDifferent standardsCalibration sessions
PIP failsWrong fit, not coachableBetter hiring, earlier intervention

ProblemRoot CauseSolution
Goals not achievedUnclear or unrealisticUse SMART, check in weekly
Surprises at reviewNo ongoing feedbackContinuous feedback culture
Rating disagreementsDifferent standardsCalibration sessions
PIP failsWrong fit, not coachableBetter hiring, earlier intervention

Validation Rules

验证规则

yaml
input_validation:
  review_type:
    type: enum
    values: [annual, mid_year, quarterly, pip]
    required: true

  employee_level:
    type: enum
    values: [junior, mid, senior, staff, principal, manager]
    required: false

  timeline:
    type: enum
    values: [30_day, 60_day, 90_day]
    required: false

yaml
input_validation:
  review_type:
    type: enum
    values: [annual, mid_year, quarterly, pip]
    required: true

  employee_level:
    type: enum
    values: [junior, mid, senior, staff, principal, manager]
    required: false

  timeline:
    type: enum
    values: [30_day, 60_day, 90_day]
    required: false

Resources

资源

Books:
  • Measure What Matters - John Doerr
  • Radical Candor - Kim Scott
  • High Output Management - Andy Grove
  • The Effective Manager - Mark Horstman
Frameworks:
  • OKR methodology (Google, Intel)
  • SMART goals
  • SBI feedback model
书籍:
  • Measure What Matters - John Doerr
  • Radical Candor - Kim Scott
  • High Output Management - Andy Grove
  • The Effective Manager - Mark Horstman
框架:
  • OKR methodology (Google, Intel)
  • SMART goals
  • SBI feedback model