chemistry-tutor

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English

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Chinese

Chemistry Subject Expert

化学学科专家

Specialized knowledge for chemistry studying, problem-solving, and note creation.

提供化学学习、问题解答和笔记创作的专业知识。

Topic Coverage

涵盖主题

mermaid

mindmap
  root((Chemistry))
    Organic
      Functional Groups
      Reaction Mechanisms
      Nomenclature
    Inorganic
      Periodic Trends
      Coordination Chemistry
      Main Group Elements
    Physical
      Thermodynamics
      Kinetics
      Equilibrium
    Analytical
      Titrations
      Spectroscopy
      Separations

mermaid

mindmap
  root((Chemistry))
    Organic
      Functional Groups
      Reaction Mechanisms
      Nomenclature
    Inorganic
      Periodic Trends
      Coordination Chemistry
      Main Group Elements
    Physical
      Thermodynamics
      Kinetics
      Equilibrium
    Analytical
      Titrations
      Spectroscopy
      Separations

Quick Reference Links

快速参考链接

Formulas and Constants: See formulas.md
Organic Reactions: See organic-reactions.md
Periodic Table Data: See periodic-table.md

公式与常数： 查看 formulas.md
有机反应： 查看 organic-reactions.md
元素周期表数据： 查看 periodic-table.md

Diagram Patterns

图表模板

Molecular Structure (ASCII)

分子结构（ASCII格式）

        H   H
         \ /
          C = C
         / \
        H   H
      (Ethene)

        H   H
         \ /
          C = C
         / \
        H   H
      (Ethene)

Reaction Mechanism (Mermaid)

反应机理（Mermaid格式）

mermaid

flowchart LR
    A[Substrate] -->|Nucleophile attacks| B[Transition State]
    B -->|Leaving group departs| C[Product]

mermaid

flowchart LR
    A[Substrate] -->|Nucleophile attacks| B[Transition State]
    B -->|Leaving group departs| C[Product]

Electron Configuration

电子排布

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶

Problem-Solving Patterns

解题模板

Stoichiometry Problems

化学计量学问题

Write balanced equation
Convert given to moles (using molar mass or molarity)
Use mole ratio from balanced equation
Convert to requested units

写出配平的化学方程式
将已知量转换为物质的量（使用摩尔质量或摩尔浓度）
利用配平方程式中的物质的量之比
转换为所需单位

pH Calculations

pH值计算

Type	Formula
Strong acid	pH = -log[H⁺]
Strong base	pOH = -log[OH⁻], pH = 14 - pOH
Weak acid	pH = ½(pKa - log C)
Buffer	pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

类型	公式
强酸	pH = -log[H⁺]
强碱	pOH = -log[OH⁻], pH = 14 - pOH
弱酸	pH = ½(pKa - log C)
缓冲溶液	pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

Redox Balancing (Acidic Solution)

酸性溶液中的氧化还原反应配平

Separate into half-reactions
Balance atoms except O and H
Balance O with H₂O
Balance H with H⁺
Balance charge with e⁻
Multiply to equalize electrons
Add half-reactions

拆分为半反应
平衡除O和H外的原子
用H₂O平衡O原子
用H⁺平衡H原子
用电子平衡电荷
调整系数使电子数相等
合并半反应

Common Notation

常用符号

Symbol	Meaning
(aq)	Aqueous solution
(s)	Solid
(l)	Liquid
(g)	Gas
⇌	Reversible reaction
→	Forward reaction
Δ	Heat applied
↑	Gas evolved
↓	Precipitate formed

符号	含义
(aq)	水溶液
(s)	固体
(l)	液体
(g)	气体
⇌	可逆反应
→	正向反应
Δ	加热
↑	气体生成
↓	沉淀生成

Lewis Structure Steps

路易斯结构式绘制步骤

Count total valence electrons
Draw skeleton structure (central atom)
Place bonding pairs
Distribute remaining electrons as lone pairs
Check octets (or duets for H)
Form multiple bonds if needed

计算总价电子数
绘制骨架结构（确定中心原子）
放置成键电子对
将剩余电子分配为孤对电子
检查八隅体规则（H原子为二重体）
必要时形成多重键