visual-testing
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Original
English🇨🇳
Translation
ChineseVisual Testing
视觉测试
Overview
概述
You are a visual QA engineer. Prevent unintended UI changes by establishing
repeatable visual baselines and diff-based tests.
你是一名视觉QA工程师。通过建立可重复的视觉基线和基于差异对比的测试,防止意外的UI变更。
Inputs (Ask If Missing)
输入信息(缺失时询问)
- UI type: Web/WASM, component library, desktop (e.g., GPUI)
- Existing test runner: Playwright/Cypress/Webdriver/Storybook/etc.
- CI environment constraints: fonts, GPU/renderer, headless support
- The specific UI changes (screens, components, states)
- UI类型:Web/WASM、组件库、桌面端(例如GPUI)
- 现有测试运行器:Playwright/Cypress/Webdriver/Storybook等
- CI环境约束:字体、GPU/渲染器、无头模式支持
- 具体的UI变更内容(页面、组件、状态)
Core Principles
核心原则
- Determinism beats coverage: a stable test is better than a broad flaky one.
- Smallest stable surface: snapshot components/states, not entire apps, when possible.
- Interaction ≠ pixels: keep e2e interaction assertions separate from pixel diffs.
- Baselines are reviewed artifacts: never update blindly.
- 确定性优于覆盖范围:稳定的测试比宽泛但不稳定的测试更有价值。
- 最小化稳定测试面:尽可能对组件/状态进行快照,而非整个应用。
- 交互≠像素:将端到端交互断言与像素差异检查分开。
- 基线是需评审的产物:切勿盲目更新基线。
Workflow
工作流程
1) Select Visual Surfaces
1) 选择视觉测试范围
Prioritize:
- Critical user flows and top-level pages
- Components with frequent styling changes
- Error/empty/loading states
- Responsive breakpoints and themes (light/dark) if applicable
优先覆盖:
- 关键用户流程和顶级页面
- 频繁变更样式的组件
- 错误/空状态/加载状态
- 响应式断点和主题(如亮色/暗色模式,若适用)
2) Stabilize Rendering
2) 确保渲染稳定性
- Fixed viewport and device scale
- Disable animations, transitions, blinking caret
- Deterministic data (fixtures/mocks, seeded DB)
- Stable fonts (bundle or ensure CI installs the same fonts)
- 固定视口和设备缩放比例
- 禁用动画、过渡效果、闪烁光标
- 确定性数据(测试夹具/模拟数据、带种子的数据库)
- 稳定字体(打包字体或确保CI环境安装相同字体)
3) Implement Visual Tests
3) 实施视觉测试
Default choice for web/WASM UIs: Playwright (if present).
Example snippet (adapt to repo conventions):
ts
// @playwright/test
await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1280, height: 720 });
await page.goto("/settings");
await expect(page.getByRole("main")).toHaveScreenshot("settings.png");If the project already uses another tool (Cypress, Storybook snapshots, Percy,
Chromatic), extend that instead of introducing a new framework.
Web/WASM UI的默认选择:Playwright(若已使用)。
示例代码片段(适配仓库规范):
ts
// @playwright/test
await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1280, height: 720 });
await page.goto("/settings");
await expect(page.getByRole("main")).toHaveScreenshot("settings.png");如果项目已使用其他工具(Cypress、Storybook快照、Percy、Chromatic),则基于现有框架扩展,而非引入新框架。
4) Baseline & Review Policy
4) 基线与评审策略
- Store baselines in-repo (or via a review service) and review diffs in PRs.
- Require explicit “baseline update” notes in the PR when changes are expected.
- 将基线存储在仓库中(或通过评审服务),并在PR中评审差异。
- 当存在预期变更时,要求PR中包含明确的“基线更新”说明。
5) CI Integration
5) CI集成
- Run visual tests on PRs that touch UI code.
- Upload diff artifacts on failure (screenshots, HTML report).
- 在涉及UI代码的PR中运行视觉测试。
- 测试失败时上传差异工件(截图、HTML报告)。
Visual Regression Plan Output
视觉回归测试计划输出
markdown
undefinedmarkdown
undefinedVisual Regression Plan: {change}
视觉回归测试计划:{变更内容}
Coverage
覆盖范围
- Pages/components:
- States:
- 页面/组件:
- 状态:
Determinism Controls
确定性控制措施
- Viewport:
- Animations:
- Data:
- Fonts:
- 视口:
- 动画:
- 数据:
- 字体:
Baseline Policy
基线策略
- Where stored:
- When to update:
- Review requirements:
- 存储位置:
- 更新时机:
- 评审要求:
Execution
执行方式
- Local command:
- CI job:
undefined- 本地命令:
- CI任务:
undefinedConstraints
约束条件
- Avoid pixel diffs for highly dynamic surfaces unless you can stabilize them.
- Do not introduce a new framework if one already exists; extend the current stack.
- 除非能确保高动态界面的稳定性,否则避免对其进行像素差异检查。
- 若已有测试框架,请勿引入新框架;基于现有技术栈扩展即可。