api-gateway

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🇺🇸

Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

API Gateway — Kong, Traefik, Patterns

API网关 — Kong、Traefik、相关模式

API Gateway moderne pour routing, auth, rate limiting, observabilité.

现代API网关可用于路由、认证、限流、可观测性。

Responsabilités

核心职责

Fonction	Outils
Routing (path, header, canary)	Kong, Traefik, Nginx
Auth (JWT, OAuth2, API keys)	Kong plugins, Traefik middleware
Rate Limiting (per-user/IP)	Redis-backed counters
Load Balancing	HAProxy, Traefik
Circuit Breaker	Resilience4j, Istio

功能	工具
路由（路径、请求头、金丝雀发布）	Kong、Traefik、Nginx
认证（JWT、OAuth2、API密钥）	Kong插件、Traefik中间件
限流（按用户/IP）	基于Redis的计数器
负载均衡	HAProxy、Traefik
断路器	Resilience4j、Istio

Stacks

技术栈选型

Kong — Enterprise, plugins riches, K8s-native
Traefik — Cloud-native, auto-discovery
AWS API Gateway — Managed, serverless
Nginx — Performance max, self-hosted
Envoy — Service mesh (Istio), gRPC

Kong — 企业级、插件丰富、原生支持K8s
Traefik — 云原生、自动服务发现
AWS API Gateway — 托管式、无服务器
Nginx — 性能优异、自托管
Envoy — 服务网格（Istio）、支持gRPC

Kong Config

yaml

services:
  - name: payment-api
    url: http://payment:8080
    routes: [{ paths: ["/api/payments"] }]
    plugins: [rate-limiting, jwt, prometheus]

yaml

services:
  - name: payment-api
    url: http://payment:8080
    routes: [{ paths: ["/api/payments"] }]
    plugins: [rate-limiting, jwt, prometheus]

Traefik Config

yaml

http:
  routers:
    payment:
      rule: "PathPrefix(`/api/payments`)"
      middlewares: [rate-limit, auth]
  middlewares:
    rate-limit:
      rateLimit: { average: 100, burst: 50 }

yaml

http:
  routers:
    payment:
      rule: "PathPrefix(`/api/payments`)"
      middlewares: [rate-limit, auth]
  middlewares:
    rate-limit:
      rateLimit: { average: 100, burst: 50 }

Rate Limiting Algorithms

限流算法

Fixed Window — Simple counter, bursty
Sliding Window — Rolling counter, lissé
Token Bucket — Flexible, burst toléré
Leaky Bucket — Output constant, strict

Pour setup :

@devops-engineer

固定窗口算法 — 计数器简单，易出现突发流量问题
滑动窗口算法 — 滚动计数器，流量更平稳
令牌桶算法 — 灵活性高，允许突发流量
漏桶算法 — 输出流量恒定，规则严格

如需部署配置：

@devops-engineer