designing-beautiful-websites
Compare original and translation side by side
🇺🇸
Original
English🇨🇳
Translation
ChineseDesigning Beautiful Websites
打造美观的网站
Core philosophy: Make the next action obvious. Build from user goals upward. Systemise visuals. Validate early.
核心理念: 让下一步操作清晰可见。从用户目标出发构建设计。视觉设计系统化。尽早验证。
Why this exists
设计的意义
Websites fail when they look “nice” but:
- don’t match user goals,
- hide key actions,
- require too much thinking,
- or are visually inconsistent.
This skill turns vague requests like “make it look better” into a repeatable workflow that produces:
- clear structure,
- usable interactions,
- and a cohesive visual system.
很多网站看似“美观”,但实则失败,原因在于:
- 不符合用户目标,
- 隐藏关键操作,
- 需用户过多思考,
- 或视觉设计不一致。
本技能将“让它看起来更好”这类模糊需求转化为可重复的工作流,产出:
- 清晰的结构,
- 易用的交互,
- 以及连贯的视觉系统。
What “done” looks like
交付标准
Deliverables should be usable by builders (engineers, no-code builders, future agents):
- Design brief: users, goals, constraints, success metrics.
- IA + flows: sitemap (or nav model), and 1–3 key user journeys.
- Layout + wireframes: responsive page structure, component inventory.
- Visual system: tokens (type, spacing, colour, radius, shadow), and usage rules.
- Component specs: states, behaviour, empty/loading/error.
- QA notes: accessibility, responsiveness, edge cases.
If time is limited, prioritise: clarity + hierarchy + consistency + accessibility.
交付成果需便于构建者(工程师、无代码搭建者、后续Agent)使用:
- 设计简报:用户群体、目标、约束条件、成功指标。
- IA + 流程:站点地图(或导航模型),以及1-3条核心用户路径。
- 布局 + 线框图:响应式页面结构、组件清单。
- 视觉系统:设计令牌(字体、间距、颜色、圆角、阴影)及使用规则。
- 组件规范:状态、交互行为、空状态/加载状态/错误状态。
- QA说明:无障碍适配、响应式适配、边缘场景处理。
若时间有限,优先保证:清晰度 + 层级结构 + 一致性 + 无障碍适配。
Quick start workflow
快速启动工作流
Copy this checklist into the working notes and tick it off:
- 0. Inputs: goal, audience, content, constraints, brand signals.
- 1. Strategy: user goals + business goals + success metrics.
- 2. Scope: pages/features/content; prioritise “key paths”.
- 3. Structure: IA + navigation model + flows.
- 4. Skeleton: wireframes + component inventory + responsive layout.
- 5. Surface: visual system + page comps + states.
- 6. Validate: usability pass + accessibility pass + consistency pass.
- 7. Hand-off: tokens + component specs + implementation notes.
Default rule: do not jump to surface polish until structure and skeleton are believable.
将以下清单复制到工作笔记中,逐项完成:
- 0. 收集输入信息:目标、受众、内容、约束条件、品牌标识。
- 1. 策略制定:用户目标 + 业务目标 + 成功指标。
- 2. 范围定义:页面/功能/内容;优先聚焦“核心路径”。
- 3. 结构搭建:IA + 导航模型 + 用户流程。
- 4. 框架构建:线框图 + 组件清单 + 响应式布局。
- 5. 视觉呈现:视觉系统 + 页面样稿 + 状态设计。
- 6. 验证优化:可用性测试 + 无障碍适配检查 + 一致性检查。
- 7. 交付对接:设计令牌 + 组件规范 + 实现说明。
默认规则: 在结构和框架设计合理前,不要急于进行视觉精细化处理。
Non‑negotiables
不可妥协的设计准则
1) Reduce thinking
1) 减少用户思考
Design so users rarely wonder:
- “Where am I?”
- “What do I do next?”
- “Is that clickable?”
- “Why did they call it that?”
Prefer obvious over clever.
设计需让用户无需频繁疑惑:
- “我现在在哪里?”
- “接下来该做什么?”
- “这个可以点击吗?”
- “为什么要这么命名?”
优先选择直观易懂而非标新立异。
2) Use conventions aggressively
2) 积极遵循设计惯例
Use familiar patterns unless there is a measured reason to deviate.
Unusual UI is a tax on every user interaction.
除非有充分的理由,否则使用用户熟悉的设计模式。
非常规UI会增加每一次用户交互的认知成本。
3) Clear visual hierarchy
3) 清晰的视觉层级
Every screen must answer (at a glance):
- what this page is,
- what the primary action is,
- where the navigation is,
- what is secondary.
每一个页面都需在第一眼就能回答:
- 本页面的用途是什么,
- 核心操作是什么,
- 导航在哪里,
- 次要内容是什么。
4) Grouping must be unambiguous
4) 分组需明确无歧义
If spacing is doing grouping work:
- there must be more space around groups than within groups.
若通过间距实现分组:
- 组与组之间的间距必须大于组内元素的间距。
5) Feedback and forgiveness
5) 反馈机制与容错设计
Users should:
- see results of actions quickly,
- understand system status,
- and recover via undo/back/cancel where possible.
Prefer preventing errors over scolding users.
用户应能:
- 快速看到操作结果,
- 了解系统状态,
- 在可能的情况下通过撤销/返回/取消操作恢复。
优先预防错误,而非事后提示用户。
6) Accessibility is part of “beautiful”
6) 无障碍适配是“美观”的一部分
Good aesthetics survive:
- keyboard-only use,
- low vision,
- colour‑blindness,
- small screens,
- slow networks.
优秀的视觉设计需适配:
- 纯键盘操作,
- 低视力用户,
- 色盲用户,
- 小屏幕设备,
- 慢速网络环境。
Default outputs format
默认输出格式
When responding, produce:
- Design brief (bullets)
- IA + key flows (bullets + simple diagrams if useful)
- Component inventory (table or list)
- Design tokens (CSS variables or JSON)
- Page-level guidance (for each page/section)
- States & edge cases
- Implementation notes (HTML structure, CSS approach, ARIA, etc.)
If the user asked for a critique/audit, output:
- issues (grouped by severity),
- fixes,
- and a “next iteration plan”.
响应时需产出:
- 设计简报(项目符号列表)
- IA + 核心流程(项目符号列表,必要时可搭配简单示意图)
- 组件清单(表格或列表)
- 设计令牌(CSS变量或JSON格式)
- 页面级指导(针对每个页面/板块)
- 状态与边缘场景
- 实现说明(HTML结构、CSS方案、ARIA等)
若用户要求进行评审/审计,输出内容包括:
- 问题(按严重程度分组),
- 修复方案,
- 以及“下一迭代计划”。
The workflow in practice
实际工作流拆解
Step 0 — Gather inputs (fast)
步骤0 — 快速收集输入信息
Ask only what’s needed; otherwise assume and state assumptions.
Minimum questions:
- Primary user: who is this for?
- Primary goal: what must they do?
- Business goal: what does success look like?
- Content: what is real copy/data?
- Brand signals: existing colours/logo/type/voice?
- Constraints: tech stack, deadline, accessibility level.
If inputs are missing, create a working brief with explicit assumptions.
仅询问必要信息;否则做出假设并明确说明。
最低限度需询问的问题:
- 核心用户:面向哪些用户?
- 核心目标:用户必须完成什么操作?
- 业务目标:成功的衡量标准是什么?
- 内容:真实的文案/数据是什么?
- 品牌标识:现有颜色/Logo/字体/品牌调性?
- 约束条件:技术栈、截止日期、无障碍适配等级。
若输入信息缺失,需创建一份包含明确假设的工作简报。
Step 1 — Strategy (align intent)
步骤1 — 策略制定(对齐目标)
Produce:
- primary + secondary user goals,
- business objectives,
- success metrics,
- constraints/risk.
产出内容:
- 核心 + 次要用户目标,
- 业务目标,
- 成功指标,
- 约束条件/风险。
Step 2 — Scope (decide what exists)
步骤2 — 范围定义(明确边界)
Define:
- pages/screens,
- features,
- content requirements,
- and what is out of scope.
Pick 1–3 key paths (the journeys that matter most). Optimise these first.
定义:
- 页面/屏幕,
- 功能,
- 内容要求,
- 以及不属于本次范围的内容。
选择1-3条核心路径(最重要的用户旅程),优先优化这些路径。
Step 3 — Structure (make it findable)
步骤3 — 结构搭建(提升可发现性)
Create:
- sitemap / nav model (global + local nav),
- page purpose statements,
- user flows for key paths.
Rule: navigation labels should be self‑evident; avoid internal jargon.
创建:
- 站点地图 / 导航模型(全局 + 局部导航),
- 页面用途说明,
- 核心路径的用户流程。
规则:导航标签应直观易懂;避免使用内部术语。
Step 4 — Skeleton (arrange the UI)
步骤4 — 框架构建(排布UI)
Create:
- wireframes per page,
- component inventory,
- layout constraints (container widths, grids, spacing rhythm),
- and priority order per breakpoint.
Rule: start with the feature/content, not the “app shell”.
创建:
- 各页面的线框图,
- 组件清单,
- 布局约束(容器宽度、网格、间距节奏),
- 以及各断点的内容优先级顺序。
规则:从功能/内容出发,而非先设计“应用外壳”。
Step 5 — Surface (make it beautiful)
步骤5 — 视觉呈现(打造美观效果)
Build a consistent system:
- spacing + sizing scale,
- typography scale,
- colour palette + shades,
- radius + border rules,
- elevation/shadow scale,
- icon + illustration style,
- motion rules (optional).
Apply to page comps.
构建一致的视觉系统:
- 间距 + 尺寸比例,
- 字体比例,
- 调色板 + 色调,
- 圆角 + 边框规则,
- 层级/阴影比例,
- 图标 + 插画风格,
- 动效规则(可选)。
将视觉系统应用到页面样稿中。
Step 6 — Validate (fast loops)
步骤6 — 验证优化(快速迭代)
Run these checks:
- Glance test (5–10 seconds): can someone tell what this is and what to do?
- Key‑path walkthrough: can a first‑time user complete the main task?
- Consistency pass: are tokens respected? is hierarchy consistent?
- Accessibility pass: contrast, focus states, semantics, error messaging.
执行以下检查:
- 快速扫视测试(5-10秒): 用户能否快速判断页面用途和核心操作?
- 核心路径走查: 首次使用的用户能否完成主要任务?
- 一致性检查: 是否遵循设计令牌?层级结构是否一致?
- 无障碍适配检查: 对比度、焦点状态、语义化、错误提示。
Step 7 — Hand-off (make it buildable)
步骤7 — 交付对接(便于开发)
Provide:
- tokens,
- component specs (states + spacing + behaviour),
- responsive rules,
- and edge cases.
提供:
- 设计令牌,
- 组件规范(状态 + 间距 + 交互行为),
- 响应式规则,
- 以及边缘场景处理方案。
Default starter system
默认初始设计系统
Use this system unless the project already has one.
除非项目已有设计系统,否则使用以下系统。
Spacing & sizing scale (px)
间距与尺寸比例(像素)
Use a non-linear scale so choices are easy:
0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128Rules:
- pick from the scale; avoid “one-off” numbers.
- for grouping: inside-group spacing < between-group spacing.
使用非线性比例,便于选择合适的数值:
0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128规则:
- 从比例中选择数值;避免使用“一次性”数值。
- 分组时:组内间距 < 组间间距。
Typography scale (px)
字体比例(像素)
Keep it tight: 6–8 sizes is enough.
Suggested:
- caption
12 - small/body-secondary
14 - body
16 - subheading
20 - h3
24 - h2
30 - h1/hero
40
Rules:
- default body line-height ~ .
1.5–1.7 - limit line length for reading (~45–80 characters).
- use weight/colour/spacing before adding new sizes.
保持精简:6-8种尺寸足够。
推荐方案:
- 说明文字
12 - 小号/次要正文
14 - 正文
16 - 子标题
20 - 三级标题
24 - 二级标题
30 - 一级标题/英雄区标题
40
规则:
- 默认正文行高约为 。
1.5–1.7 - 限制阅读行宽(约45-80个字符)。
- 优先通过字重/颜色/间距区分内容,而非新增字体尺寸。
Colour system
颜色系统
- define neutrals (backgrounds + text), one primary, and semantic accents.
- define shades up front (e.g., 100–900), don’t generate ad-hoc lightens/darkens.
- “Grey” can be warm or cool; keep a consistent temperature.
Contrast rules:
- normal text target: ≥ 4.5:1
- large text target: ≥ 3:1
- 定义中性色(背景 + 文字)、一种主色,以及语义强调色。
- 提前定义色调(例如100–900),避免临时调整明暗。
- “灰色”可偏暖或偏冷;保持色调一致。
对比度规则:
- 普通文本目标对比度:≥ 4.5:1
- 大文本目标对比度:≥ 3:1
Elevation / shadow system
层级/阴影系统
Use 3–5 shadow levels that map to meaning:
- 1: buttons/cards (subtle)
- 2: popovers/menus
- 3: sticky headers
- 4: modals
- 5: high priority overlays
使用3-5种阴影层级,对应不同的语义:
- 1级:按钮/卡片(细微阴影)
- 2级:弹出框/菜单
- 3级:固定头部
- 4级:模态框
- 5级:高优先级浮层
Borders
边框设计
Prefer:
- spacing,
- subtle shadows,
- or small background changes over heavy borders.
优先选择:
- 间距,
- 细微阴影,
- 或背景色细微变化 而非厚重的边框。
Empty states
空状态设计
Empty states are a first impression.
They must:
- explain what’s empty,
- why it matters,
- and what to do next.
空状态是用户的第一印象。
空状态设计需:
- 说明什么内容为空,
- 说明其重要性,
- 以及下一步操作指引。
Progressive disclosure
渐进式披露
Use these reference files when deeper detail is needed:
- Workflow & deliverables → references/WORKFLOW.md
- Page patterns → references/PAGE-PATTERNS.md
- Audit / critique → references/DESIGN-AUDIT.md
- Usability & navigation → references/USABILITY.md
- Visual design systems → references/VISUAL-DESIGN.md
- Interaction & forms → references/INTERACTION-DESIGN.md
- Information architecture → references/INFORMATION-ARCHITECTURE.md
- Content & microcopy → references/CONTENT-COPY.md
- Responsive rules → references/RESPONSIVE.md
- Accessibility → references/ACCESSIBILITY.md
- Checklists & templates → references/CHECKLISTS.md
需要更详细内容时,可参考以下文件:
- 工作流与交付成果 → references/WORKFLOW.md
- 页面模式 → references/PAGE-PATTERNS.md
- 设计评审/审计 → references/DESIGN-AUDIT.md
- 可用性与导航 → references/USABILITY.md
- 视觉设计系统 → references/VISUAL-DESIGN.md
- 交互与表单 → references/INTERACTION-DESIGN.md
- 信息架构 → references/INFORMATION-ARCHITECTURE.md
- 内容与微文案 → references/CONTENT-COPY.md
- 响应式规则 → references/RESPONSIVE.md
- 无障碍适配 → references/ACCESSIBILITY.md
- 清单与模板 → references/CHECKLISTS.md
Quick search
快速搜索
If running locally:
bash
grep -i "empty state\|hierarchy\|spacing" -n references/*.md若在本地运行:
bash
grep -i "empty state\|hierarchy\|spacing" -n references/*.mdTHE EXACT PROMPT — UX/UI plan
标准提示词 — UX/UI设计方案
You are designing a website UI/UX.
1) Write a crisp design brief (users, goals, constraints, success metrics).
2) Define information architecture + navigation model.
3) Identify 1–3 key user paths; write step-by-step flows.
4) Produce a component inventory for the key pages.
5) Propose a design token system (spacing, type, colour, radius, shadow) with rules.
6) Describe page layouts (mobile-first) and key interactions.
7) List empty/loading/error states and edge cases.
8) Run a usability + accessibility + consistency pass; revise.
Output must be specific and implementable.
Avoid vague advice.你正在为一个网站设计UI/UX。
1) 撰写简洁的设计简报(用户、目标、约束条件、成功指标)。
2) 定义信息架构 + 导航模型。
3) 识别1-3条核心用户路径;撰写分步流程。
4) 产出核心页面的组件清单。
5) 提出设计令牌系统(间距、字体、颜色、圆角、阴影)及使用规则。
6) 描述页面布局(移动端优先)和核心交互。
7) 列出空状态/加载状态/错误状态及边缘场景。
8) 执行可用性 + 无障碍适配 + 一致性检查;进行优化。
输出内容需具体且可落地。
避免模糊建议。THE EXACT PROMPT — Visual polish pass
标准提示词 — 视觉精细化优化
Review this UI for visual quality.
- Fix hierarchy (what is primary vs secondary vs tertiary?)
- Fix spacing (grouping clarity; rhythm; alignment)
- Fix typography (scale, weights, line height, line length)
- Fix colour (contrast, palette consistency, accent usage)
- Fix depth (shadows/borders; focus on meaning)
- Improve empty states and microcopy
Return:
1) a list of concrete changes
2) updated tokens (if needed)
3) before/after descriptions of the most important screens.评审该UI的视觉质量。
- 优化层级结构(区分核心、次要、 tertiary内容)
- 优化间距(分组清晰度、节奏、对齐)
- 优化字体(比例、字重、行高、行宽)
- 优化颜色(对比度、调色板一致性、强调色使用)
- 优化层级深度(阴影/边框;聚焦语义)
- 优化空状态和微文案
返回内容:
1) 具体修改清单
2) 更新后的设计令牌(若需要)
3) 最重要页面的前后对比说明。THE EXACT PROMPT — Usability “glance test”
标准提示词 — 可用性“快速扫视测试”
Pretend you have 10 seconds to look at this page.
Answer:
- What is this page?
- Who is it for?
- What are the top 3 things I can do here?
- What is the primary action?
- Where is the navigation?
Then list everything that created a question mark, and propose fixes.假设你只有10秒时间查看该页面。
回答:
- 这是什么页面?
- 面向哪些用户?
- 我可以在这里完成的3项核心操作是什么?
- 核心操作是什么?
- 导航在哪里?
然后列出所有让你产生疑惑的点,并提出修复方案。THE EXACT PROMPT — Component spec (single component)
标准提示词 — 单个组件规范
Write a build-ready spec for this component.
Include:
- Purpose + when to use
- Anatomy (parts)
- Variants
- States: default/hover/focus/active/disabled/loading/error/success/empty
- Behaviour rules (keyboard + mouse + touch)
- Spacing + typography + colour tokens used
- Accessibility notes (ARIA if needed)
- Edge cases (long text, missing data, localisation)
Keep it concise but unambiguous.为该组件撰写可直接用于开发的规范。
包含:
- 用途 + 使用场景
- 组成结构(各部分)
- 变体
- 状态:默认/悬停/聚焦/激活/禁用/加载/错误/成功/空状态
- 交互规则(键盘 + 鼠标 + 触摸)
- 使用的间距 + 字体 + 颜色令牌
- 无障碍适配说明(必要时包含ARIA)
- 边缘场景(长文本、缺失数据、本地化)
内容需简洁但明确。THE EXACT PROMPT — Accessibility pass
标准提示词 — 无障碍适配检查
Review this design for accessibility.
Check:
- text contrast (normal and large text)
- keyboard navigation and focus visibility
- semantic element choices (button vs link vs div)
- form labelling and error announcement
- motion and reduced-motion behaviour
Return:
1) issues grouped by severity
2) concrete fixes (design + implementation)
3) any token changes needed (colours, focus styles)评审该设计的无障碍适配情况。
检查:
- 文本对比度(普通文本和大文本)
- 键盘导航和焦点可见性
- 语义化元素选择(按钮 vs 链接 vs 容器)
- 表单标签和错误提示
- 动效及减少动效的适配行为
返回内容:
1) 按严重程度分组的问题
2) 具体修复方案(设计 + 实现)
3) 所需的令牌修改(颜色、焦点样式)THE EXACT PROMPT — Responsive pass
标准提示词 — 响应式适配检查
Define responsive behaviour for this page/component.
For each breakpoint (small phone, large phone, tablet, desktop):
- layout (stack/columns)
- what becomes primary vs secondary
- how text wraps/truncates
- how tables, toolbars, and secondary actions adapt
Then list edge cases (long text, empty, error) and how they render.定义该页面/组件的响应式行为。
针对每个断点(小屏手机、大屏手机、平板、桌面端):
- 布局(堆叠/分栏)
- 核心与次要内容的切换
- 文本换行/截断方式
- 表格、工具栏和次要操作的适配方式
然后列出边缘场景(长文本、空状态、错误状态)及其渲染方式。