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Translation

Chinese

Developer Tools

开发者工具

Overview

概述

These are the tools every developer needs regardless of language or framework — the bedrock of the development environment. Whether you are writing Python, C#, Rust, or JavaScript, you will reach for these tools daily: a shell to run commands, Git to track changes, a package manager to install software, and containers to ship reproducible environments. Mastering this foundational layer makes everything built on top of it faster and more reliable.
这些是无论使用何种语言或框架，每位开发者都需要的工具——是开发环境的基石。无论你编写Python、C#、Rust还是JavaScript，你每天都会用到这些工具：用于执行命令的Shell、用于跟踪变更的Git、用于安装软件的包管理器，以及用于交付可复现环境的容器。掌握这一基础层会让所有基于它的工作更快速、更可靠。

Tool Landscape

工具版图

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Developer Tools                          │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Shells:            PowerShell Core, Bash/Zsh               │
│  Version Control:   Git                                     │
│  Package Managers:  choco, winget, brew, apt, snap          │
│  Containers:        Docker, Podman                          │
│  Remote Access:     SSH, SCP                                │
│  HTTP Clients:      curl, wget, HTTPie                      │
│  Data Processing:   jq, yq                                  │
│  Pattern Matching:  Regular Expressions                     │
│  Build Runners:     Make, Just, Task                        │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Developer Tools                          │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Shells:            PowerShell Core, Bash/Zsh               │
│  Version Control:   Git                                     │
│  Package Managers:  choco, winget, brew, apt, snap          │
│  Containers:        Docker, Podman                          │
│  Remote Access:     SSH, SCP                                │
│  HTTP Clients:      curl, wget, HTTPie                      │
│  Data Processing:   jq, yq                                  │
│  Pattern Matching:  Regular Expressions                     │
│  Build Runners:     Make, Just, Task                        │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Choosing the Right Sub-Skill

选择合适的子技能

NeedLook In
Writing cross-platform shell scripts
powershell-core
Writing Unix shell scripts, Bash/Zsh automation
bash
Version control, branching, merging, rebasing
git
Installing system-level software and managing OS packages
package-managers
Containerizing applications, Docker Compose, Podman
docker
Remote server access, key management, tunneling
ssh
Making HTTP requests from the command line
curl
Parsing and transforming JSON or YAML data
jq
Text pattern matching, search-and-replace with regex
regex
Running build tasks, command orchestration
make
需求对应技能
编写跨平台Shell脚本
powershell-core
编写Unix Shell脚本、Bash/Zsh自动化
bash
版本控制、分支、合并、变基
git
安装系统级软件并管理操作系统包
package-managers
应用容器化、Docker Compose、Podman
docker
远程服务器访问、密钥管理、隧道
ssh
从命令行发起HTTP请求
curl
解析与转换JSON或YAML数据
jq
文本模式匹配、使用正则表达式进行查找替换
regex
运行构建任务、命令编排
make

Platform Availability

平台可用性

ToolWindowsmacOSLinux
PowerShell Core (pwsh)Yes (built-in on Win11, installable)Yes (brew)Yes (apt/dnf)
BashYes (WSL, Git Bash)Yes (built-in)Yes (built-in)
ZshYes (WSL)Yes (default shell)Yes (installable)
GitYes (winget/choco)Yes (Xcode CLT / brew)Yes (apt/dnf)
chocoYesNoNo
wingetYes (built-in on Win10+)NoNo
brewNoYesYes
aptNoNoYes (Debian/Ubuntu)
snapNoNoYes
DockerYes (Docker Desktop / WSL2)Yes (Docker Desktop)Yes (native)
PodmanYesYes (brew)Yes (native)
SSH / SCPYes (built-in on Win10+)Yes (built-in)Yes (built-in)
curlYes (built-in on Win10+)Yes (built-in)Yes (built-in)
wgetYes (choco/winget)Yes (brew)Yes (built-in)
HTTPieYes (pip/choco)Yes (brew)Yes (apt/pip)
jqYes (choco/winget)Yes (brew)Yes (apt)
yqYes (choco/winget)Yes (brew)Yes (snap/apt)
MakeYes (choco, WSL)Yes (Xcode CLT)Yes (built-in)
JustYes (cargo/choco)Yes (brew/cargo)Yes (cargo/apt)
Task (go-task)Yes (choco/winget)Yes (brew)Yes (snap/apt)
工具WindowsmacOSLinux
PowerShell Core (pwsh)是（Win11内置，可安装）是（通过brew）是（通过apt/dnf）
Bash是（WSL、Git Bash）是（内置）是（内置）
Zsh是（WSL）是（默认Shell）是（可安装）
Git是（通过winget/choco）是（Xcode命令行工具 / brew）是（通过apt/dnf）
choco是否否
winget是（Win10+内置）否否
brew否是是
apt否否是（Debian/Ubuntu）
snap否否是
Docker是（Docker Desktop / WSL2）是（Docker Desktop）是（原生支持）
Podman是是（通过brew）是（原生支持）
SSH / SCP是（Win10+内置）是（内置）是（内置）
curl是（Win10+内置）是（内置）是（内置）
wget是（通过choco/winget）是（通过brew）是（内置）
HTTPie是（通过pip/choco）是（通过brew）是（通过apt/pip）
jq是（通过choco/winget）是（通过brew）是（通过apt）
yq是（通过choco/winget）是（通过brew）是（通过snap/apt）
Make是（通过choco、WSL）是（Xcode命令行工具）是（内置）
Just是（通过cargo/choco）是（通过brew/cargo）是（通过cargo/apt）
Task (go-task)是（通过choco/winget）是（通过brew）是（通过snap/apt）

Best Practices

最佳实践

  • Automate your setup with dotfiles. Keep your shell configuration, Git config, and tool settings in a version-controlled dotfiles repository so you can bootstrap any new machine in minutes.
  • Use cross-platform tools where possible. Prefer tools like PowerShell Core, Docker, and Git that work identically on Windows, macOS, and Linux to reduce friction when switching environments or collaborating across teams.
  • Learn at least one shell deeply. Surface-level knowledge of many shells is less valuable than deep expertise in one. Pick PowerShell or Bash and master its scripting, pipeline, and debugging capabilities.
  • Version control everything. Not just source code — configuration files, infrastructure definitions, documentation, and scripts all belong in Git.
  • Use containers for reproducible environments. Docker and Podman eliminate "works on my machine" problems by packaging applications with their exact dependencies.
  • Prefer declarative build runners. Tools like Make, Just, and Task let you define project commands (build, test, lint, deploy) in a single file, making onboarding and CI/CD consistent.
  • 使用dotfiles自动化你的配置。将你的Shell配置、Git配置和工具设置保存在受版本控制的dotfiles仓库中，这样你可以在几分钟内完成新机器的初始化配置。
  • 尽可能使用跨平台工具。优先选择PowerShell Core、Docker和Git这类在Windows、macOS和Linux上表现一致的工具，以减少切换环境或跨团队协作时的摩擦。
  • 深入掌握至少一种Shell。对多种Shell的表层了解不如对一种Shell的深度精通。选择PowerShell或Bash，掌握其脚本编写、管道和调试功能。
  • 对所有内容进行版本控制。不仅是源代码——配置文件、基础设施定义、文档和脚本都应该纳入Git管理。
  • 使用容器实现可复现环境。Docker和Podman通过将应用与其精确依赖打包在一起，消除了“在我机器上能运行”的问题。
  • 优先使用声明式构建运行器。Make、Just和Task这类工具允许你在单个文件中定义项目命令（构建、测试、代码检查、部署），使新成员入职和CI/CD流程保持一致。