domain-iot

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IoT Domain

IoT 领域

Layer 3: Domain Constraints

第3层：领域约束

Domain Constraints → Design Implications

领域约束 → 设计影响

Domain Rule	Design Constraint	Rust Implication
Unreliable network	Offline-first	Local buffering
Power constraints	Efficient code	Sleep modes, minimal alloc
Resource limits	Small footprint	no_std where needed
Security	Encrypted comms	TLS, signed firmware
Reliability	Self-recovery	Watchdog, error handling
OTA updates	Safe upgrades	Rollback capability

领域规则	设计约束	Rust 实现要点
不可靠网络	离线优先	本地缓冲
功耗限制	高效代码	睡眠模式、最小化内存分配
资源受限	小内存占用	必要时使用no_std
安全性	加密通信	TLS、签名固件
可靠性	自我恢复	看门狗、错误处理
OTA更新	安全升级	回滚能力

Critical Constraints

关键约束

Network Unreliability

网络不可靠性

RULE: Network can fail at any time
WHY: Wireless, remote locations
RUST: Local queue, retry with backoff

RULE: 网络可能随时中断
WHY: 无线连接、偏远位置
RUST: 本地队列、退避重试

Power Management

电源管理

RULE: Minimize power consumption
WHY: Battery life, energy costs
RUST: Sleep modes, efficient algorithms

RULE: 最小化功耗
WHY: 电池寿命、能源成本
RUST: 睡眠模式、高效算法

Device Security

设备安全性

RULE: All communication encrypted
WHY: Physical access possible
RUST: TLS, signed messages

RULE: 所有通信必须加密
WHY: 可能被物理访问
RUST: TLS、签名消息

Trace Down ↓

向下追溯 ↓

From constraints to design (Layer 2):

"Need offline-first design"
    ↓ m12-lifecycle: Local buffer with persistence
    ↓ m13-domain-error: Retry with backoff

"Need power efficiency"
    ↓ domain-embedded: no_std patterns
    ↓ m10-performance: Minimal allocations

"Need reliable messaging"
    ↓ m07-concurrency: Async with timeout
    ↓ MQTT: QoS levels

从约束到设计（第2层）：

"需要离线优先设计"
    ↓ m12-lifecycle: 带持久化的本地缓冲区
    ↓ m13-domain-error: 退避重试

"需要功耗效率"
    ↓ domain-embedded: no_std 模式
    ↓ m10-performance: 最小化内存分配

"需要可靠消息传递"
    ↓ m07-concurrency: 带超时的异步处理
    ↓ MQTT: QoS 级别

Environment Comparison

环境对比

Environment	Stack	Crates
Linux gateway	tokio + std	rumqttc, reqwest
MCU device	embassy + no_std	embedded-hal
Hybrid	Split workloads	Both

环境	技术栈	依赖库
Linux网关	tokio + std	rumqttc, reqwest
MCU设备	embassy + no_std	embedded-hal
混合环境	拆分工作负载	两者兼具

Key Crates

核心依赖库

Purpose	Crate
MQTT (std)	rumqttc, paho-mqtt
Embedded	embedded-hal, embassy
Async (std)	tokio
Async (no_std)	embassy
Logging (no_std)	defmt
Logging (std)	tracing

用途	依赖库
MQTT (std)	rumqttc, paho-mqtt
嵌入式开发	embedded-hal, embassy
异步处理 (std)	tokio
异步处理 (no_std)	embassy
日志 (no_std)	defmt
日志 (std)	tracing

Design Patterns

设计模式

Pattern	Purpose	Implementation
Pub/Sub	Device comms	MQTT topics
Edge compute	Local processing	Filter before upload
OTA updates	Firmware upgrade	Signed + rollback
Power mgmt	Battery life	Sleep + wake events
Store & forward	Network reliability	Local queue

模式	用途	实现方式
发布/订阅	设备通信	MQTT 主题
边缘计算	本地处理	上传前过滤
OTA更新	固件升级	签名 + 回滚
电源管理	电池寿命	睡眠 + 唤醒事件
存储转发	网络可靠性	本地队列

Code Pattern: MQTT Client

代码模式：MQTT 客户端

rust

use rumqttc::{AsyncClient, MqttOptions, QoS};

async fn run_mqtt() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let mut options = MqttOptions::new("device-1", "broker.example.com", 1883);
    options.set_keep_alive(Duration::from_secs(30));

    let (client, mut eventloop) = AsyncClient::new(options, 10);

    // Subscribe to commands
    client.subscribe("devices/device-1/commands", QoS::AtLeastOnce).await?;

    // Publish telemetry
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        loop {
            let data = read_sensor().await;
            client.publish("devices/device-1/telemetry", QoS::AtLeastOnce, false, data).await.ok();
            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(60)).await;
        }
    });

    // Process events
    loop {
        match eventloop.poll().await {
            Ok(event) => handle_event(event).await,
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::error!("MQTT error: {}", e);
                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
            }
        }
    }
}

rust

use rumqttc::{AsyncClient, MqttOptions, QoS};

async fn run_mqtt() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let mut options = MqttOptions::new("device-1", "broker.example.com", 1883);
    options.set_keep_alive(Duration::from_secs(30));

    let (client, mut eventloop) = AsyncClient::new(options, 10);

    // Subscribe to commands
    client.subscribe("devices/device-1/commands", QoS::AtLeastOnce).await?;

    // Publish telemetry
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        loop {
            let data = read_sensor().await;
            client.publish("devices/device-1/telemetry", QoS::AtLeastOnce, false, data).await.ok();
            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(60)).await;
        }
    });

    // Process events
    loop {
        match eventloop.poll().await {
            Ok(event) => handle_event(event).await,
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::error!("MQTT error: {}", e);
                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
            }
        }
    }
}

Common Mistakes

常见错误

Mistake	Domain Violation	Fix
No retry logic	Lost data	Exponential backoff
Always-on radio	Battery drain	Sleep between sends
Unencrypted MQTT	Security risk	TLS
No local buffer	Network outage = data loss	Persist locally

错误	违反领域规则	修复方案
无重试逻辑	数据丢失	指数退避重试
无线电始终开启	电池耗尽	发送间隔期间睡眠
未加密的MQTT	安全风险	使用TLS
无本地缓冲区	网络中断导致数据丢失	本地持久化

Trace to Layer 1

追溯到第1层

Constraint	Layer 2 Pattern	Layer 1 Implementation
Offline-first	Store & forward	Local queue + flush
Power efficiency	Sleep patterns	Timer-based wake
Network reliability	Retry	tokio-retry, backoff
Security	TLS	rustls, native-tls

约束	第2层模式	第1层实现
离线优先	存储转发	本地队列 + 刷新
功耗效率	睡眠模式	定时器唤醒
网络可靠性	重试	tokio-retry, backoff
安全性	TLS	rustls, native-tls

When	See
Embedded patterns	domain-embedded
Async patterns	m07-concurrency
Error recovery	m13-domain-error
Performance	m10-performance

场景	参考内容
嵌入式模式	domain-embedded
异步模式	m07-concurrency
错误恢复	m13-domain-error
性能优化	m10-performance

domain-iot

Original

Translation

IoT Domain

IoT 领域

Domain Constraints → Design Implications

领域约束 → 设计影响

Critical Constraints

关键约束

Network Unreliability

网络不可靠性

Power Management

电源管理

Device Security

设备安全性

Trace Down ↓

向下追溯 ↓

Environment Comparison

环境对比

Key Crates

核心依赖库

Design Patterns

设计模式

Code Pattern: MQTT Client

代码模式：MQTT 客户端

Common Mistakes

常见错误

Trace to Layer 1

追溯到第1层

Related Skills

相关技能